{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T14:30:56Z","timestamp":1786113056078,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Insulin resistance surrogates are associated with microalbuminuria; however, population-scale evidence for the triglyceride\u2013glucose (TyG) index remains scarce. We examined the cross-sectional association between TyG index and microalbuminuria in a large Chinese cohort and explored whether diabetes modifies this link.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed 33,416 adults from eight regional centers. Microalbuminuria was defined as urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio\u2009\u2265\u200930 mg\/g. Multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic splines were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) per 1-unit TyG increase and the potential nonlinear relationship between TyG index and microalbuminuria risk. The effects of diabetes and other factors were tested using interaction terms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean age was 57.7\u2009\u00b1\u20099.3 years, and the microalbuminuria prevalence was 14.5%. TyG index was independently associated with microalbuminuria after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, waist, hip circumference, blood pressure, lipids, liver function indices, sleep variables, estimated glomerular filtration rate, smoking, alcohol, and diabetes (OR, 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20\u20131.36;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Restricted cubic spline analysis demonstrated a linear association between TyG index and the odds of microalbuminuria (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      for overall association\u2009&lt;\u20090.001;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      for non-linearity\u2009=\u20090.187). The association was present in participants with (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.32\u20131.60) and without diabetes (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.04\u20131.23). The interaction with diabetes status was significant (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001; false discovery rate-corrected\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008), indicating a stronger association in patients with diabetes. The sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the main findings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The TyG index was linearly associated with microalbuminuria. This association was observed in patients with and without diabetes, with a stronger estimated effect among those with diabetes. TyG may serve as a simple, readily available marker for identifying individuals with higher odds of microalbuminuria across glycemic status; however, longitudinal studies are needed to establish temporal relationships.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0355437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T17:31:03Z","timestamp":1785951063000},"page":"e0355437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["TyG index is associated with microalbuminuria in a large population-based study: independent and exploratory interaction analyses"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Xiaomin","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8573-1596","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xudong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10225","key":"pone.0355437.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30045-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"395","author":"GBD Chronic Kidney Disease Collaboration","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0355437.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.4065\/83.12.1373","article-title":"Rationale and strategies for early detection and management of diabetic kidney disease","volume":"83","author":"B Radbill","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0355437.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000001005","article-title":"The Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio and Kidney Function after Nephrectomy","volume":"204","author":"AJ Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0355437.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.10.026","article-title":"Executive summary of the KDIGO 2021 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Blood Pressure in Chronic Kidney Disease","volume":"99","author":"AK Cheung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0355437.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.538132","article-title":"Low-grade albuminuria and incidence of cardiovascular disease events in nonhypertensive and nondiabetic individuals: the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"112","author":"J Arnl\u00f6v","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"9731","key":"pone.0355437.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60674-5","article-title":"Association of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in general population cohorts: a collaborative meta-analysis","volume":"375","author":"Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0355437.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01796-6","article-title":"Elevated urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio increases the risk of new-onset heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"22","author":"J Tao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0355437.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01867-8","article-title":"Cardiovascular mortality in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease with and without diabetes: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"22","author":"DH Kofod","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0355437.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2021.11.019","article-title":"Microalbuminuria Constitutes a Clinical Action Item for Clinicians in 2021","volume":"135","author":"P Rossing","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0355437.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102581","article-title":"Challenges in the diagnosis of insulin resistance: Focusing on the role of HOMA-IR and Tryglyceride\/glucose index","volume":"16","author":"DL Tahapary","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0355437.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3347","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0288","article-title":"The product of triglycerides and glucose, a simple measure of insulin sensitivity. 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