{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T18:29:46Z","timestamp":1786472986179,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Traditional cement-bentonite cutoff materials suffer weak chemical corrosion resistance, and existing tailing-based barriers mostly take tailing as auxiliary filler, lacking multi-component synergistic modification with fine full tailing as primary aggregate. This study prepares a composite anti-seepage material with full fine tailing as main aggregate mixed with Portland cement, sodium bentonite and sodium silicate. Single-factor controlled variable tests with six groups of specimens were carried out to adjust cement and bentonite dosages; permeability tests, quadruple direct shear tests and Micro-CT scanning were conducted to test hydraulic-mechanical properties and micro-pore structure.Results showed that raw tailing possessed a permeability coefficient of 5.3\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u2009\n                    <jats:sup>\u208b4<\/jats:sup>\n                    cm\/s while modified samples range from 1.1\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u2009\n                    <jats:sup>\u208b<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009\u2077 to 5.5\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u2009\n                    <jats:sup>\u208b<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009\u2077 cm\/s. With bentonite fixed at 8 kg, increasing cement dosage raises permeability but greatly lifts shear strength: cohesion rises from 63.2 kPa to 345.2 kPa and internal friction angle grows from 30.2\u00b0 to 39.1\u00b0. With cement fixed at 20 kg, rising bentonite content continuously reduces permeability to 1.1\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u2009\n                    <jats:sup>\u208b<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009\u2077 cm\/s and slightly improves strength to 182.2 kPa cohesion and 38.9\u00b0 friction angle. CT results prove the optimal specimen only has 1.94% porosity, controlled by cement hydration C-S-H gel cementation and bentonite swelling pore-blocking. This material realizes large-scale tailing recycling, fills the research gap of tailing-dominated composite barriers, and provides technical support for tailing pond vertical anti-seepage engineering with remarkable environmental and economic benefits.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0355719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T17:33:00Z","timestamp":1786469580000},"page":"e0355719","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Study on mix proportion and mechanism of fine-grained tailing composite anti-seepage material"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6024-4048","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhiyuan","family":"Mao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiangsheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiping","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0355719.ref001","author":"CR Ryan","year":"1985"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0355719.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-0618(99)00024-0","article-title":"The chemical compatibility of cement\u2013bentonite cut-off wall material","volume":"13","author":"SA Jefferis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Construction and Building Materials"},{"key":"pone.0355719.ref003","unstructured":"Ruffing DG, Evans JC. 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