{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T18:27:22Z","timestamp":1786559242230,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82071023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Project of Medical Science and Technology of Henan Province","award":["SBGJ202102160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SBGJ202102160"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province","award":["21A320053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21A320053"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antihistamines like azelastine and levocabastine are key in treating allergies, including allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and urticaria. This study analyzed adverse drug reactions linked to these drugs using data from the WHO VigiAccess database, comparing their adverse drug reaction profiles to help physicians choose lower-risk options for personalized treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective descriptive analysis was used, with data from WHO-VigiAccess on azelastine and levocabastine. Included were global patient demographics (age, gender, location) and details on illness systems\/symptoms from direct and annual adverse drug reaction reports. Adverse drug reaction percentages for each drug were calculated for comparison.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over the study period, 11,592 adverse events related to both drugs were reported. Both had high rates of General disorders and administration site conditions. Azelastine showed more Nervous system disorders. Levocabastine had higher rates of endocrine disorders, injury\/poisoning\/procedural complications, and Nervous system disorders. The top five adverse events were: General disorders (4463, 36.7%), Nervous system (3475, 28.6%), Gastrointestinal (1558, 12.8%), Respiratory (1515, 12.5%), and Injury\/poisoning (871, 7.2%). For SOC-reported ADRs,\u2009&gt;\u200910% incidence occurred in 2 azelastine cases and 4 levocabastine cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinicians should note antihistamine ADRs. This study identifies common and specific reactions reported to the WHO, aiming to guide safer, more judicious use of these drugs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0355852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T17:28:17Z","timestamp":1786555697000},"page":"e0355852","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterization of adverse reactions to two antihistamine drugs: A descriptive analysis from WHO-VigiAccess"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8148-3050","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yiheng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaman","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoliang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0355852.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2500\/108854194778816634","article-title":"Long-term risk factors for developing asthma and allergic rhinitis: a 23-year follow-up study of college students","volume":"15","author":"RJ Settipane","year":"1994","journal-title":"Allergy Proc"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0355852.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2021.100574","article-title":"Allergic rhinitis aggravated by air pollutants in Latin America: A systematic review","volume":"14","author":"NA Rosario Filho","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0355852.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2018.1543401","article-title":"Current therapeutical strategies for allergic rhinitis","volume":"20","author":"L Klimek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0355852.ref004","first-page":"1077","article-title":"Local allergic rhinitis - 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