{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T18:13:23Z","timestamp":1788372803928,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000738","name":"University of Leicester","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Much has been written about the animal economy of medieval England (CE 450\u20131500) but interpretation of the zooarchaeological record has been held back by reliance on artificial periodisation. This study reduces that reliance via a novel approach to data synthesis. A substantial zooarchaeological dataset compiled for the \u2018Feeding Anglo-Saxon England\u2019 project was investigated allowing a more detailed understanding of when change took place and in what form. Key patterns include: a continuation of Roman husbandry practices at some sites throughout the fifth century; an increase in wool production from the early seventh century; the use of dedicated draught cattle from the ninth century, peaking in the eleventh and mid-twelfth centuries, after which the demand for milk, beef and increasing use of horses for arable production caused the use of cattle for draught to decline.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0355965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T17:22:29Z","timestamp":1788369749000},"page":"e0355965","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Meat, milk, wool and grain: The animal economy of medieval England (CE 400 to 1400)"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1704-5024","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matilda","family":"Holmes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4069-8004","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David","family":"Orton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Hamerow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1207-793X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Richard","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0355965.ref001","volume-title":"Making a living in the middle ages: The people of Britain 850-1520","author":"C Dyer","year":"2003"},{"key":"pone.0355965.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199203253.001.0001","volume-title":"Rural settlements and society in Anglo-Saxon England","author":"H Hamerow","year":"2012"},{"key":"pone.0355965.ref003","first-page":"62","article-title":"The ending of Anglo-Saxon England: Identity, allegiance, and nationality.","volume-title":"Anglo-Saxon archaeology","author":"D Griffiths","year":"2011"},{"key":"pone.0355965.ref004","volume-title":"British economic growth 1270-1870","author":"S Broadberry","year":"2015"},{"key":"pone.0355965.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511522215","volume-title":"English seigniorial agriculture 1250-1450","author":"BM Campbell","year":"2000"},{"key":"pone.0355965.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199212149.013.0006","article-title":"Anglo\u2010Saxon Migration and the Molecular Evidence","author":"R Hedges","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Anglo-Saxon Archaeology. 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