{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T18:19:21Z","timestamp":1787681961023,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Modern Seed Industry Park for Whiteleg Shrimp of Guangdong Province","award":["K22226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K22226"]}]},{"name":"Program for Scientific Research Start-up Funds of Guangdong Ocean University","award":["060302022102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["060302022102"]}]},{"name":"Undergraduate Innovation Team of Guangdong Ocean University","award":["CXTD2023002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXTD2023002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Alexandrium pacificum<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a toxic species among red tide-forming organisms. Red tide outbreaks can cause seawater hypoxia and discoloration, which impair shrimp feeding and may facilitate toxin accumulation. Exposure to\n                    <jats:italic>A. pacificum<\/jats:italic>\n                    has been linked to oxidative stress and immune disruption in\n                    <jats:italic>Litopenaeus vannamei<\/jats:italic>\n                    , highlighting the need to understand the pathogenic mechanisms involved. To investigate the immune response induced in\n                    <jats:italic>L. vannamei<\/jats:italic>\n                    upon exposure to\n                    <jats:italic>A. pacificum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Healthy shrimp (2.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5 g) were immersed in\n                    <jats:italic>A. pacificum<\/jats:italic>\n                    lysate (1.0\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells\u00b7mL\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) or natural seawater (control). The hepatopancreas was collected for transcriptome sequencing 72 h post-exposure. Transcriptomic analysis identified 264 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the exposure group compared to the control, of which 185 were upregulated and 79 were downregulated. DEGs involved in signal transduction, oxidative phosphorylation, protease inhibitors, and ribosomal protein functions were well prominent. GO enrichment analysis showed that immune system processes, lysosomal-mediated cellular processes, and metabolic functions were significantly enriched. KEGG analysis identified enriched pathways including lysosome, C\u2011type lectin receptor signaling, peroxisome, drug metabolism, and neuroactive ligand\u2011receptor interactions. This study offers molecular insights into the molecular defense mechanisms of\n                    <jats:italic>L. vannamei<\/jats:italic>\n                    against\n                    <jats:italic>A. pacificum<\/jats:italic>\n                    toxicity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0355978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T17:28:32Z","timestamp":1787678912000},"page":"e0355978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transcriptome analysis of hepatopancreas of Litopenaeus vannamei after acute exposure to Alexandrium pacificum"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Fuyuan","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huijie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5471-9243","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shafira Citra Desrika","family":"Putri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhangxi","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4307-9850","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yulei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0355978.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.10.030","article-title":"Red Tide: overview and clinical manifestations","volume":"8","author":"SS Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0355978.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins16080338","article-title":"Variability in paralytic shellfish toxin profiles 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