{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T18:21:54Z","timestamp":1787595714576,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["JP23K16700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23K16700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Falls among older adults are a major public health concern; however, scientific evidence for interventions that specifically target visual function remains limited. Therefore, this exploratory pilot randomized trial evaluated changes in multiple visual-function outcomes associated with an oculomotor-focused vision training (VT) program in community-dwelling older adults. Thirty community-dwelling older adults (mean age, 73.7\u2009\u00b1\u20094.8 years) were randomly assigned to a lower-limb strength training group (SLR) or a group with SLR and an additional VT component (SLR\u2009+\u2009VT). Over 8 weeks, six visual-function components were assessed using the V-training system (eye\u2013hand coordination, visual memory, spatial cognition, peripheral perception, central\/peripheral perception, and eye movement). Physical function was assessed using the Timed Up and Go test. For each outcome, ANCOVA was performed with the post-intervention value as the dependent variable, group as the fixed factor, and the corresponding baseline value as a covariate. Baseline-adjusted analyses showed no clear between-group differences in post-intervention visual-function or physical-function outcomes. Several point estimates favored the VT group for outcomes aligned with repeated eye-movement practice, but confidence intervals were wide. In this pilot trial, clear baseline-adjusted differences between the two SLR-based programs, with or without an additional VT component, were not confirmed. Given the small sample size, findings are hypothesis-generating and will inform the design of adequately powered trials with time- and attention-matched control conditions and clinically meaningful endpoints.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0356206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T17:22:51Z","timestamp":1787592171000},"page":"e0356206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of vision training on visual function in older adults: A pilot randomized trial"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7853-1379","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daisuke","family":"Sudo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Toyoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0356206.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6927a5","article-title":"Trends in nonfatal falls and fall-related injuries among adults aged \u226565 years \u2013 United States, 2012\u20132018","volume":"69","author":"B Moreland","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0356206.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15304","article-title":"Medical costs of fatal and nonfatal falls in older adults","volume":"66","author":"CS Florence","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0356206.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2004.52310.x","article-title":"Muscle weakness and falls in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"JD Moreland","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0356206.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-008-1685-1","article-title":"Aging affects the ability to use optic flow in the control of heading during locomotion","volume":"194","author":"JR Berard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"pone.0356206.ref005","article-title":"Visual risk factors for falls in older people","author":"SR Lord","year":"2006","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"pone.0356206.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4115(08)60738-4","article-title":"Visual control of human locomotion.","volume-title":"Adaptability of human gait: implications for the control of locomotion","author":"AE Patla","year":"1991"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0356206.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(96)01109-5","article-title":"Understanding the roles of vision in the control of human locomotion","volume":"5","author":"AE Patla","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0356206.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326969eco103&4_7","article-title":"How is human gait controlled by vision?","volume":"10","author":"AE Patla","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ecol Psychol"},{"issue":"20","key":"pone.0356206.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7574","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17207574","article-title":"Citations network analysis of vision and sport","volume":"17","author":"H Nascimento","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"17","key":"pone.0356206.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6692","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0401200101","article-title":"Improving vision in adult amblyopia by perceptual learning","volume":"101","author":"U Polat","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6939","key":"pone.0356206.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01647","article-title":"Action video game modifies visual selective attention","volume":"423","author":"CS Green","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0356206.ref012","first-page":"159","article-title":"Effects of traditional physical training and visual computer feedback training in frail elderly patients. 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