{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T18:25:57Z","timestamp":1786991157744,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Three Three Three Talent Project of Hebei Province in 2023","award":["No. C20231019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. C20231019"]}]},{"name":"the Key Team Project of Basic Scientific Research Business Expense Program of Hebei University of Architecture","award":["No. 2025ZDTD04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2025ZDTD04"]}]},{"name":"the 2025 Hebei Provincial Innovation Capability Enhancement Program \u2013 Soft Science Research Special Project","award":["No. 25357635D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 25357635D"]}]},{"name":"the 2026 Sports Science and Technology Research Projects of Hebei Provincial Sports Bureau","award":["No. 2026CY44"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2026CY44"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aspergillus detection is of great significance in medical diagnosis and microbiological analysis. However, due to the complex morphology of Aspergillus, its subtle structural characteristics, the presence of rare strains, and partial occlusion in samples, traditional detection methods often fail to achieve high accuracy. To address these challenges, this study incorporates three innovative modules\u2014CGNet, Shape-IoU, and MSCA\u2014into the YOLOv12 framework to construct an efficient Aspergillus detection model. CGNet enhances the fusion and representation of complex structural features; Shape-IoU introduces morphological constraints to improve matching accuracy in scenarios with occlusion and blurred boundaries; and MSCA strengthens the model\u2019s adaptability to strains of different scales. Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves a Precision of 92.1%, Recall of 87.8%, and mAP of 89.2% in Aspergillus detection, while requiring only 28.6M parameters, effectively balancing accuracy and lightweight design. These results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0356242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T17:29:59Z","timestamp":1786987799000},"page":"e0356242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Macroscopic aspergillus recognition using YOLO-CSM"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6504-8528","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Huiying","family":"Ru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinhang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0356242.ref001","article-title":"Identification and analysis of culturable fungi from giant panda feces in spring at zoos","author":"J Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Wildlife Microbiology"},{"key":"pone.0356242.ref002","article-title":"Study on dichlorvos\u2013ammonia (DV\u2013AM) method for aflatoxin detection","author":"M Kushiro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food and Mycotoxin Research"},{"key":"pone.0356242.ref003","article-title":"Recent advances in near-infrared spectroscopy for aflatoxin detection","author":"S Bailly","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Quality and Safety"},{"key":"pone.0356242.ref004","article-title":"Using near-infrared spectroscopy combined with SVM for aflatoxin detection in maize","author":"S Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Spectral Analysis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0356242.ref005","article-title":"An open source tool for counting colonies and other circular objects","volume":"12","author":"A Ferrari","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0356242.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054072","article-title":"OpenCFU, a new free and open-source software to count cell colonies and other circular objects","volume":"8","author":"Q Geissmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0356242.ref007","first-page":"1097","article-title":"ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks","volume":"25","author":"A Krizhevsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"pone.0356242.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He K, Zhang X, Ren S, Sun J. 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