{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:24:47Z","timestamp":1787163887128,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Finance Code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Finance Code 001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022603","name":"DSM Nutritional Products","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not applicable"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022603","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The search for alternatives to ionophore antibiotics such as monensin has increased due to regulatory restrictions and consumer demand for natural feed additives. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feed additive combinations compared with sodium monensin on performance, carcass traits, ruminal and cecal health, and meat quality in feedlot-finished cattle. Twenty-four F1 Angus\u2013Nellore crossbred bulls (BW\u2009=\u2009456\u2009\u00b1\u200921.77 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: 1) sodium monensin (\n                    <jats:bold>MON<\/jats:bold>\n                    ; 26 mg\/kg DM); 2) a blend of essential oils plus \u03b1-amylase (\n                    <jats:bold>BEO<\/jats:bold>\n                    , 90 and 560 mg\/kg of DM, respectively); and 3) BEO\u2009+\u200925-hydroxicholecalciferol (\n                    <jats:bold>BEO\u2009+\u2009HyD<\/jats:bold>\n                    ; 1 mg\/animal\/day). Animals were considered the experimental units, and data were analyzed using a mixed model with treatment as fixed effect and animal as random effect. Feeding BEO and BEO\u2009+\u2009HyD increased DMI (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), HCW (P\u2009=\u20090.01), and dressing percentage (P\u2009=\u20090.03), and tended to increase ADG (P\u2009=\u20090.07) and final BW (P\u2009=\u20090.08) compared with MON, with no differences in feed efficiency (P\u2009&gt;\u20090.50). Feed additives did not affect most meat quality traits (P\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). During the adaptation period and overall, animals fed BEO and BEO\u2009+\u2009HyD maintained higher mean and minimum ruminal pH, spent less time below pH 6.2 and 6.0, and had a lower area under the curve below these thresholds, along with lower ruminal temperature compared with MON (P\u2009\u2264\u20090.05). Additionally, over the entire feeding period, animals fed BEO and BEO\u2009+\u2009HyD spent less time below pH 5.8 (P\u2009=\u20090.02). Animals fed MON and BEO exhibited greater ruminal absorptive surface area (P\u2009=\u20090.007) than those fed BEO\u2009+\u2009HyD. Cecal morphometric parameters were not affected by treatments (P\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). In conclusion, the combination of a blend of essential oils and \u03b1-amylase improved ruminal health and enhanced performance and carcass production without affecting meat quality or cecal morphology compared with monensin. Supplementation with 1 mg of 25-(OH)D\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    showed limited additional effects on carcass traits.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0356262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:31:33Z","timestamp":1787160693000},"page":"e0356262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of selected feed additives on rumen pH dynamics, physiological responses, and rumen and cecum morphometrics in feedlot beef cattle"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1069-6801","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maria Bet\u00e2nia","family":"Niehues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Ioan Campos","family":"Gomes de Gouv\u00eaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Perdig\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor Val\u00e9rio","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiago Sabella","family":"Acedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Fernando Monteiro","family":"Tamassia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyntia Ludovico","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rio De Beni","family":"Arrigoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0356262.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3427","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2009-1880","article-title":"A snapshot of management practices and nutritional recommendations used by feedlot nutritionists in Brazil","volume":"87","author":"DD Millen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"pone.0356262.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.37496\/rbz5020200189","article-title":"The 2019 Brazilian survey on nutritional practices provided by feedlot cattle consulting nutritionists","volume":"50","author":"AM Silvestre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Bras Zootec"},{"key":"pone.0356262.ref003","unstructured":"Owens F, SS. 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