{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T14:44:52Z","timestamp":1793285092003,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Inserm, Paris, France [ATIP-AVENIR]."},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-25-CE16-0175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-25-CE16-0175"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-25-CE16-0175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-25-CE16-0175"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Grants from the University of La R\u00e9union, European Union (EU) R\u00e9gion R\u00e9union-French State national counterpart: FEDER NEURODIAB."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is characterized by progressive and symmetrical sensory alterations and constitutes one of the earliest and main complications of diabetes. Several mouse models have been developed to mimic the pathogenesis of DPN with some discrepancies to fully recapitulate the human disease. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the onset and progression of peripheral neuropathy in mice fed with 45% kcal High Fat Diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Our data show that mice fed with this diet developed obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Using sensory tests, we found that HFD-fed mice developed mechanical hypoalgesia and thermal hyperalgesia starting after 12 weeks of diet. Our analysis of glabrous foot skin innervation revealed a decrease in intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) associated with a significant reduction of nociceptive Schwann cells (nSCs) in neuropathic mice after 16 weeks of HFD. Overall, this study shows that mice fed with a 45% kcal HFD recapitulate the main metabolic, behavioral and anatomical changes generally observed in patients with DPN and represent a reliable model to study the pathogenesis of the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0356285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T17:25:11Z","timestamp":1788283511000},"page":"e0356285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Characterization of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in a high-fat diet mouse model"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9892-484X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guillaume","family":"Rastoldo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Chirpaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarrah","family":"Tr\u00e9port","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4533-8215","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anne-Yael","family":"Gamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali K.","family":"Jaafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Paulo-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Sandaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katy","family":"Thouvenot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthieu","family":"Bringart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Paule","family":"Gonthier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilles C.","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steeve","family":"Bourane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0356285.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-2042","article-title":"Diabetic Neuropathy: A Position Statement by the American Diabetes Association","volume":"40","author":"R Pop-Busui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0356285.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.02.005","article-title":"New horizons in diabetic neuropathy: mechanisms, bioenergetics, and pain","volume":"93","author":"EL Feldman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0356285.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000491","article-title":"The Pain in Neuropathy Study (PiNS): a cross-sectional observational study determining the somatosensory phenotype of painful and painless diabetic neuropathy","volume":"157","author":"AC Themistocleous","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"pone.0356285.ref004","author":"DJ Margolis","year":"2011"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0356285.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70065-0","article-title":"Diabetic neuropathy: clinical manifestations and current treatments","volume":"11","author":"BC Callaghan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0356285.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-0101","article-title":"Altered C-fiber function as an indicator of early peripheral neuropathy in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance","volume":"33","author":"AQ Green","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0356285.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-004-1663-5","article-title":"Sural nerve pathology in diabetic patients with minimal but progressive neuropathy","volume":"48","author":"RA Malik","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"pone.0356285.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/cpmo.11","article-title":"Peripheral neuropathy in mouse models of diabetes","volume":"6","author":"CG Jolivalt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Mouse Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0356285.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2007.07.022","article-title":"Mouse models of diabetic neuropathy","volume":"28","author":"KA Sullivan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0356285.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-0982","article-title":"Attention to background strain is essential for metabolic research: C57BL\/6 and the International Knockout Mouse Consortium","volume":"65","author":"DA Fontaine","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"pone.0356285.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2902351","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2902351","article-title":"An overview of murine high fat diet as a model for type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"2016","author":"A Heydemann","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0356285.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2021-327742","article-title":"Skin biopsy and small fibre neuropathies: facts and thoughts 30 years later","volume":"93","author":"G Lauria","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6454","key":"pone.0356285.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax6452","article-title":"Specialized cutaneous Schwann cells initiate pain sensation","volume":"365","author":"H Abdo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"pone.0356285.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2022.102118","article-title":"Identification and quantification of nociceptive Schwann cells in mice with and without Streptozotocin-induced diabetes","volume":"123","author":"X Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Chem Neuroanat"},{"key":"pone.0356285.ref015","author":"J Ojeda-Alonso","year":"2023"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0356285.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002169","article-title":"Demise of nociceptive Schwann cells causes nerve retraction and pain hyperalgesia","volume":"162","author":"P Rinwa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0356285.ref017","article-title":"Advances in diet-induced rodent models of metabolically acquired peripheral neuropathy","volume":"14","author":"SA Eid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"key":"pone.0356285.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848307","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/848307","article-title":"Phenotypic changes in diabetic neuropathy induced by a high-fat diet in diabetic C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"2011","author":"BL Guilford","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp Diabetes Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0356285.ref019","article-title":"Integrated lipidomic and transcriptomic analyses identify altered nerve triglycerides in mouse models of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes","volume":"13","author":"PD O\u2019Brien","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0356285.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.37.9.1163","article-title":"Diet-induced type II diabetes in C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"37","author":"RS Surwit","year":"1988","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"pone.0356285.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8069-7-66","article-title":"Generation and characterization of an Advillin-Cre driver mouse line","volume":"7","author":"S Zurborg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0356285.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/S1044-7431(03)00029-0","article-title":"Tamoxifen-inducible glia-specific Cre mice for somatic mutagenesis in oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells","volume":"22","author":"DP Leone","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0356285.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.3.711","article-title":"Role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation in diabetic neuropathy","volume":"53","author":"IG Obrosova","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0356285.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.07.076","article-title":"The effects of anesthesia on measures of nerve conduction velocity in male C57Bl6\/J mice","volume":"483","author":"SS Oh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"86","key":"pone.0356285.ref025","first-page":"51181","article-title":"In vivo electrophysiological measurements on mouse sciatic nerves","author":"A Schulz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0356285.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.183786","article-title":"PCSK9 deficiency promotes the development of peripheral neuropathy","volume":"10","author":"AK Jaafar","year":"2025","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"pone.0356285.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8069-10-26","article-title":"A simplified up-down method (SUDO) for measuring mechanical nociception in rodents using von Frey filaments","volume":"10","author":"RP Bonin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0356285.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(88)90026-7","article-title":"A new and sensitive method for measuring thermal nociception in cutaneous hyperalgesia","volume":"32","author":"K Hargreaves","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0356285.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(96)03177-6","article-title":"Nociceptive responses to high and low rates of noxious cutaneous heating are mediated by different nociceptors in the rat: electrophysiological evidence","volume":"68","author":"DC Yeomans","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0356285.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2016.1157668","article-title":"The thermal probe test: a novel behavioral assay to quantify thermal paw withdrawal thresholds in mice","volume":"3","author":"JR Deuis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Temperature (Austin)"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0356285.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.01.011","article-title":"Identification of a spinal circuit for light touch and fine motor control","volume":"160","author":"S Bourane","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"pone.0356285.ref032","article-title":"Transcriptional profiling of mouse peripheral nerves to the single-cell level to build a sciatic nerve ATlas (SNAT). eLife","volume":"10","author":"D Gerber","year":"2021"},{"issue":"37","key":"pone.0356285.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9086","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1453-17.2017","article-title":"After nerve injury, lineage tracing shows that myelin and remak schwann cells elongate extensively and branch to form repair schwann cells, which shorten radically on remyelination","volume":"37","author":"JA Gomez-Sanchez","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"6653","key":"pone.0356285.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1038\/39807","article-title":"The capsaicin receptor: a heat-activated ion channel in the pain pathway","volume":"389","author":"MJ Caterina","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0356285.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2376","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-0047","article-title":"Dyslipidemia-induced neuropathy in mice: the role of oxLDL\/LOX-1","volume":"58","author":"AM Vincent","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"pone.0356285.ref036","first-page":"1896041","article-title":"Verapamil attenuated prediabetic neuropathy in high-fat diet-fed mice through inhibiting TXNIP-mediated apoptosis and inflammation","volume":"2019","author":"L Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0356285.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/jns5.12072","article-title":"Phenotyping animal models of diabetic neuropathy: a consensus statement of the diabetic neuropathy study group of the EASD (Neurodiab)","volume":"19","author":"GJ Biessels","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Peripher Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0356285.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12010250","article-title":"Diet-induced rodent models of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy","volume":"12","author":"I Pregui\u00e7a","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0356285.ref039","first-page":"1267","article-title":"Peripheral neuropathy presents similar symptoms and pathological changes in both high-fat diet and pharmacologically induced pre- and diabetic mouse models","volume":"11","author":"J Jaroslawska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0356285.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.41.3.10397","article-title":"Assessment of nerve conduction velocity slowing and its association with the severity of diabetic polyneuropathy, duration of diabetes and glycemic control in diabetic patients","volume":"41","author":"S Zaidi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"issue":"6852","key":"pone.0356285.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/35093019","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of nociception","volume":"413","author":"D Julius","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0356285.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002831","article-title":"Molecular taxonomy of nociceptors and pruriceptors","volume":"164","author":"J Kupari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"pone.0356285.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8069-4-9","article-title":"Influence of TRPV1 on diabetes-induced alterations in thermal pain sensitivity","volume":"4","author":"RM Pabbidi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Pain"},{"key":"pone.0356285.ref044","article-title":"Pain modulation and central sensitization in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: updated narrative review and future directions","volume":"18","author":"D Ye","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Diabetes"},{"key":"pone.0356285.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(24)01514-X","article-title":"Animal models of nociception","volume":"53","author":"DL Bars","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0356285.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjpain.2010.08.001","article-title":"The perception threshold counterpart to dynamic and static mechanical allodynia assessed using von Frey filaments in peripheral neuropathic pain patients","volume":"2","author":"\u00c5H Landerholm","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Pain"},{"issue":"8057","key":"pone.0356285.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08535-1","article-title":"Macrophages protect against sensory axon loss in peripheral neuropathy","volume":"640","author":"S Hakim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"pone.0356285.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2024.03.009","article-title":"Transcriptomic profiling of sciatic nerves and dorsal root ganglia reveals site-specific effects of prediabetic neuropathy","volume":"270","author":"SA Eid","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0356285.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.70036","article-title":"High-fat diet disrupt nerve function by targeting schwann cells","volume":"30","author":"AS Mondschein","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Peripher Nerv Syst"},{"key":"pone.0356285.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2010.09.008","article-title":"Vasopeptidase inhibitor ilepatril (AVE7688) prevents obesity- and diabetes-induced neuropathy in C57Bl\/6J mice","volume":"60","author":"L Coppey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"pone.0356285.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950517","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/950517","article-title":"Partial replacement with menhaden oil improves peripheral neuropathy in high-fat-fed low-dose streptozotocin type 2 diabetic rat","volume":"2012","author":"LJ Coppey","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Nutr Metab"},{"key":"pone.0356285.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307285","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/307285","article-title":"Rat models of diet-induced obesity and high fat\/low dose streptozotocin type 2 diabetes: effect of reversal of high fat diet compared to treatment with enalapril or menhaden oil on glucose utilization and neuropathic endpoints","volume":"2015","author":"A Holmes","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0356285.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3068","article-title":"Diet-induced obesity differentially regulates behavioral, biomechanical, and molecular risk factors for osteoarthritis in mice","volume":"12","author":"TM Griffin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"pone.0356285.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.05.026","article-title":"Contribution of microglial reaction to increased nociceptive responses in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity in male mice","volume":"80","author":"Y-J Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"pone.0356285.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9081906","article-title":"Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1- and 3-mediated hyperalgesia and hypoalgesia in diabetic neuropathic pain models in mice","volume":"9","author":"H Ueda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"pone.0356285.ref056","first-page":"305205","article-title":"Effect of high-fat diet on peripheral neuropathy in C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"2014","author":"L Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"key":"pone.0356285.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8069-10-42","article-title":"CXCR4 chemokine receptor signaling mediates pain in diabetic neuropathy","volume":"10","author":"DM Menichella","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Pain"},{"key":"pone.0356285.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4321","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1852-20.2021","article-title":"High dietary fat consumption impairs axonal mitochondrial function in vivo","volume":"41","author":"M Sajic","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0356285.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002391","article-title":"Mitochondrial calcium uniporter deletion prevents painful diabetic neuropathy by restoring mitochondrial morphology and dynamics","volume":"163","author":"DS George","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"pone.0356285.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2018.02.054","article-title":"Pinprick hypo- and hyperalgesia in diabetic rats: can diet content affect experimental outcome?","volume":"673","author":"JSK Yadlapalli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"pone.0356285.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719356","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.719356","article-title":"Gold standard for diagnosis of DPN","volume":"12","author":"Y Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0356285.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.60.1.108","article-title":"The spectrum of neuropathy in diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance","volume":"60","author":"CJ Sumner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0356285.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-1819","article-title":"Early detection of nerve fiber loss by corneal confocal microscopy and skin biopsy in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes","volume":"63","author":"D Ziegler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0356285.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01739-2","article-title":"Schwann cell TRPA1 mediates neuroinflammation that sustains macrophage-dependent neuropathic pain in mice","volume":"8","author":"F De Logu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"pone.0356285.ref065","first-page":"9","article-title":"Schwann cells modulate nociception in neurofibromatosis 1","author":"NGR Raut","year":"2024","journal-title":"JCI Insight"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0356285","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T17:25:22Z","timestamp":1788283522000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0356285"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Alexander G","family":"Obukhov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0356285","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}}}