{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T18:08:46Z","timestamp":1789063726001,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/X035603\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/X035603\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    For decades, lithium carbonate has been a cornerstone treatment for bipolar disorder and related conditions, yet its mechanism of action remains poorly understood. Previous studies have suggested that the two stable isotopes,\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    Li and\n                    <jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\n                    Li, with nuclear spins of 1 and 3\/2, respectively, can produce distinct biological effects. Because nuclear spin can subtly alter the course of specific chemical reactions, these studies have motivated the exploration of whether lithium\u2019s isotopes might act through a spin-dependent mechanism. Here, we investigate the Radical Pair Mechanism in the flavin\u2013ascorbyl system using DFT and spin-dynamics calculations. The ascorbyl radical, derived from vitamin C, is both abundant in the brain and long-lived, making it a more credible partner for flavin. We propose that lithium\u2019s nuclear spin modulates triplet yields in flavin\u2013ascorbyl radical pairs, offering a quantum-based explanation for isotope-dependent effects. Whether these spin interactions play a clinical role remains to be determined, but the possibility is exciting and points toward a promising line of inquiry.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0356617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T17:40:04Z","timestamp":1789062004000},"page":"e0356617","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lithium isotope effects and magnetic interactions in flavin\u2013ascorbyl radical pairs"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Amina","family":"Mouhamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leverhulme Quantum Biology Doctoral Training Centre, University of Surrey","place":["Guildford, United Kingdom"]},{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Surrey","place":["Guildford, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim","family":"Al-Khalili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leverhulme Quantum Biology Doctoral Training Centre, University of Surrey","place":["Guildford, United Kingdom"]},{"name":"School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey","place":["Guildford, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2904-2506","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marco","family":"Sacchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leverhulme Quantum Biology Doctoral Training Centre, University of Surrey","place":["Guildford, United Kingdom"]},{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Surrey","place":["Guildford, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0356617.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2016.06.015","article-title":"A Molecular Model for Lithium\u2019s Bioactive Form","volume":"111","author":"KT Briggs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0356617.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12121","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91388-9","article-title":"Entangled radicals may explain lithium effects on hyperactivity","volume":"11","author":"H Zadeh-Haghighi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0356617.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27072253","article-title":"Lithium ascorbate as a promising neuroprotector: fundamental and experimental studies of an organic lithium salt","volume":"27","author":"IY Torshin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"pone.0356617.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-013-0039-0","volume-title":"Potential mechanisms of action of lithium in bipolar disorder: Current understanding","author":"GS Malhi","year":"2013"},{"key":"pone.0356617.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bukhteeva I, Livingstone JD, Singh K, Pavlov EV, Beazely MA, Gingras MJP, et al. 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