{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T18:20:59Z","timestamp":1787682059152,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["380656\/2024-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["380656\/2024-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["445493\/2023-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["445493\/2023-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["311177\/2025-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["311177\/2025-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The Information System on Wildlife Health (SISS-Geo) is a free platform designed for the real-time collection of georeferenced data on wildlife health and environmental conditions via mobile devices. It serves as a collaborative tool, enabling health professionals, researchers, environmental managers, and the general public to report information about wildlife health occurrences directly within the system. Since its launch in 2014, SISS-Geo has been successfully applied in supporting decision-making during significant wildlife health events in Brazil. In this paper, we introduce a dynamic alert system based on a Multi-Attribute Zoonotic Alert Index (Z-Alert) to enhance disease outbreak detection and response in wildlife. The proposed approach improves the current alert system of the SISS-Geo platform by integrating clustering techniques with multi-objective optimization. The clustering stage groups spatiotemporally related SISS-Geo records, including observations of animals reported as alive, dead, or sick, allowing the identification of patterns relevant for epidemiological surveillance. Each identified cluster is assigned a numerical alert index, the Z-Alert index, reflecting its\n                    <jats:italic>level of attention<\/jats:italic>\n                    , based on optimally weighted attributes such as the percentage of dead animals, temporal interval, and geographical spread. The system also offers customization alert thresholds, allowing health managers to adapt the alert system to their specific needs. To validate the model, we used historical Yellow Fever case data from Brazil\u2019s Ministry of Health. By supporting surveillance teams in prioritizing prevention and investigation actions, the system enhances the capacity of public health authorities to respond effectively through supporting risk assessment, optimizing resource allocation, and promoting cost-effective strategies for outbreak control.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0356739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T17:43:56Z","timestamp":1787679836000},"page":"e0356739","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An index-based system for early alerts of potential zoonotic disease outbreaks"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2926-1971","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jaqueline S.","family":"Angelo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz)","place":["Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Livia","family":"Abdalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz)","place":["Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas A.","family":"Augusto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz)","place":["Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcia","family":"Chame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz)","place":["Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Krempser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz)","place":["Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7181","key":"pone.0356739.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06536","article-title":"Global trends in emerging infectious diseases","volume":"451","author":"KE Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"pone.0356739.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soh.2023.100050","article-title":"Surveillance and response strategies for zoonotic diseases: a comprehensive review","volume":"2","author":"M Sharan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci One Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0356739.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.38.1.2949","article-title":"Importance of a one health approach in advancing global health security and the sustainable development goals","volume":"38","author":"JR Sinclair","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0356739.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed4020088","article-title":"The one health approach\u2014why is it so important?","volume":"4","author":"JS Mackenzie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tropical Med Infectious Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0356739.ref005","article-title":"A survey of biodiversity informatics: concepts, practices, and challenges","volume":"11","author":"Jr Gadelha LMR","year":"2020","journal-title":"WIREs Data Min & Knowl"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0356739.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_1517_18","article-title":"Implementation framework for one health approach","volume":"149","author":"R Bhatia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"pone.0356739.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101008","article-title":"One health implementation: a systematic scoping review using the quadripartite one health joint plan of action","volume":"20","author":"A Milazzo","year":"2025","journal-title":"One Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0356739.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1007\/s41666-019-00055-2","article-title":"SISS-geo: leveraging citizen science to monitor wildlife health risks in Brazil","volume":"3","author":"M Chame","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Healthc Inform Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0356739.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.62015\/np.2020.v26.42","article-title":"Primates in SISS-Geo: potential contributions of mobile technology, health surveillance and citizen science to support species conservation in brazil","volume":"26","author":"M Chame","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neotrop Primates"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0356739.ref010","article-title":"Evaluation of SISS-GEO application as a tool for monitoring reservoir animals of the yellow fever virus (YFV) in Brazil","volume":"12","author":"C R","year":"2020","journal-title":"Electronic J Collection Health"},{"key":"pone.0356739.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760220127","article-title":"Fast surveillance response reveals the introduction of a new yellow fever virus sub-lineage in 2021, in Minas Gerais, Brazil","volume":"117","author":"MS Andrade","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"issue":"35","key":"pone.0356739.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adg9204","article-title":"Genomic epidemiology unveils the dynamics and spatial corridor behind the Yellow Fever virus outbreak in Southern Brazil","volume":"9","author":"M Giovanetti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"pone.0356739.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FAO, UNEP, WHO, WOAH. One Health Joint Plan of Action (2022-2026). 2022.","DOI":"10.20506\/bull.2022.2.3324"},{"key":"pone.0356739.ref014","volume-title":"Early warning alert and response in emergencies: an operational guide","year":"2022"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0356739.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1135","article-title":"One Health early warning and response system for zoonotic diseases outbreaks: emphasis on the involvement of grassroots actors","volume":"9","author":"OA Hassan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0356739.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000000086","article-title":"Yellow fever virus, a mosquito-borne flavivirus posing high public health concerns and imminent threats to travellers - an update","volume":"109","author":"S Malik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0356739.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1865-1682.2010.01100.x","article-title":"Systematic review of surveillance systems for emerging zoonoses","volume":"57","author":"L Vrbova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transbound Emer Dis"},{"key":"pone.0356739.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Augusto DA, dos Santos Abdalla L, Krempser E, de Oliveira Passos PH, Garkauskas Ramos D, Pecego Martins Romano A. Fine-grained spatial data-driven ensemble modeling for predicting sylvatic yellow fever environmental suitability in Brazil. medRxiv. 2026. doi: 10.64898\/2026.03.26.26349443","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.03.26.26349443"},{"issue":"01","key":"pone.0356739.ref019","first-page":"1","article-title":"Boletim epidemiol\u00f3gico: situa\u00e7\u00e3o epidemiol\u00f3gica da febre amarela no monitoramento 2019\/2020","volume":"51","author":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade","year":"2020","journal-title":"Boletim Epidemiol\u00f3gico"},{"issue":"31","key":"pone.0356739.ref020","first-page":"20","article-title":"Boletim epidemiol\u00f3gico: situa\u00e7\u00e3o epidemiol\u00f3gica da febre amarela no monitoramento 2020\/2021","volume":"52","author":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade","year":"2021","journal-title":"Boletim Epidemiol\u00f3gico"},{"key":"pone.0356739.ref021","volume-title":"Nota informativa n\u00ba 35\/2024-CGARB\/DEDT\/SVSA\/MS: atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o do cen\u00e1rio epidemiol\u00f3gico da febre amarela e resultados da oficina do grupo de modelagem de febre amarela (GRUMFA)","author":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade e Ambiente","year":"2024"},{"key":"pone.0356739.ref022","volume-title":"Plano de conting\u00eancia para respostas \u00e0s emerg\u00eancias em sa\u00fade p\u00fablica - Febre Amarela","author":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade","year":"2021"},{"key":"pone.0356739.ref023","unstructured":"Ester M, Kriegel HP, Sander J, Xu X. A density-based algorithm for discovering clusters in large spatial databases with noise. In: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 1996. 226\u201331."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0356739.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3068335","article-title":"DBSCAN Revisited, Revisited: Why and How You Should (Still) Use DBSCAN","volume":"42","author":"E Schubert","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACM Trans Database Syst"},{"key":"pone.0356739.ref025","volume-title":"Nonlinear multiobjective optimization","author":"K Miettinen","year":"1999"},{"key":"pone.0356739.ref026","unstructured":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Febre Amarela em Humanos e Primatas N\u00e3o-Humanos - 1994 a 2025. 2025. https:\/\/opendatasus.saude.gov.br\/dataset\/febre-amarela-em-humanos-e-primatas-nao-humanos"},{"key":"pone.0356739.ref027","first-page":"260","article-title":"Confusion matrix.","volume-title":"Sammut C, Webb GI, editors","author":"KM Ting","year":"2017"},{"issue":"13","key":"pone.0356739.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11131896","article-title":"Anomaly detection in endemic disease surveillance data using machine learning techniques","volume":"11","author":"PU Eze","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"pone.0356739.ref029","unstructured":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade e Ambiente. Nota t\u00e9cnica conjunta n\u00ba 27\/2025 - DEDT\/DPNI\/SVSA. 2025. https:\/\/www.gov.br\/saude\/pt-br\/centrais-de-conteudo\/publicacoes\/notas-tecnicas\/2025\/nota-tecnica-conjunta-no-27-2025-dedt-dpni-svsa\/view"},{"key":"pone.0356739.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Angelo JS, Abdalla L, Augusto DA, Chame M, Krempser E. Unsupervised anomaly detection for enhancing wildlife disease surveillance. In: 2025 12th International Conference on Soft Computing Machine Intelligence (ISCMI), 2025. 340\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/iscmi67495.2025.11358502","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCMI67495.2025.11358502"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0356739.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-022-01581-2","article-title":"Statistically enriched geospatial datasets of Brazilian municipalities for data-driven modeling","volume":"9","author":"L Abdalla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Data"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0356739","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T17:44:03Z","timestamp":1787679843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0356739"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Renjith","family":"VishnuRadhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Amity University Amity Institute of Biotechnology","place":["INDIA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0356739","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]}}}