{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T18:16:48Z","timestamp":1787941008027,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examined the long-term effects (4\u20138 years) of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), added to pharmacotherapy and psychoeducation (PE), on quality of life (QoL) in adults with Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Although previous findings showed no added QoL benefit of CBT immediately post-treatment, CBT provides skill-building and coping strategies that may yield delayed benefits in terms of ADHD-related functional impairments. We hypothesize that CBT will provide delayed treatment gains and thus results in higher QoL at follow-up or a slower decline in QoL over time. A follow-up study was conducted with 627 adults from a prior cohort that evaluated short-term CBT outcomes. Of these, 159 participants completed a long-term follow-up survey assessing QoL using the Adult ADHD Quality of Life scale (AAQoL). A linear mixed model revealed no significant treatment or treatment-by-time effects for the total AAQoL or its subdomains. However, a significant effect of time was observed across all measures. Post hoc comparisons indicated an increase in QoL from baseline (pooled mean\u2009=\u200944.4; PsyEd: 46.4, PsyEd\u2009+\u2009CBT: 42.4) to post-treatment (69.3), followed by a decline at follow-up (52.1), which remained above baseline levels. No significant between-group differences were found in the proportion of participants achieving clinically meaningful QoL improvements over time. These findings suggest that this study does not provide evidence for an added long-term QoL benefit of CBT beyond PE and pharmacotherapy, whereas initial treatment was associated with sustained improvement. Continued care beyond initial treatment may help maintain gains in adults with ADHD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0356825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T17:23:00Z","timestamp":1787937780000},"page":"e0356825","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long-term effects of cognitive behavioural therapy on the quality of life in adult 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