{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T18:14:14Z","timestamp":1788459254888,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018537","name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025ZD1601300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025ZD1601300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To address the critical influence of pulse shape on the laser ablation of metallic materials, this study proposes a comprehensive methodology that integrates finite\u2011element numerical simulations with experimental validation. Based on the spatiotemporal energy\u2011distribution characteristics of Gaussian and super\u2011Gaussian pulses, the temperature evolution, plasma electron density, and ablation efficiency of 6061 aluminum alloy were systematically analyzed under various single\u2011pulse energies and spot radii. Comparison between experimental measurements and numerical predictions enables the construction of an energy\u2011coupling model for laser ablation and establishes a theoretical framework describing how pulse shape governs the material\u2019s thermal response and plasma dynamics. The performance of the experimental laser was benchmarked against that of a commercial laser. The results show that the maximum difference in dispersion coefficients between the two lasers is only 0.19%, and the largest discrepancy in average perforation time between the Gaussian and super\u2011Gaussian pulses is approximately 6 s. Owing to its more uniform energy distribution, the super\u2011Gaussian pulse exhibits 3\u201318% higher energy\u2011coupling efficiency and material\u2011removal efficiency under identical energy input. Therefore, controlling the pulse shape can significantly enhance the stability and efficiency of laser ablation, satisfy the requirements of high\u2011precision material processing regarding energy\u2011distribution uniformity and ablation consistency, and provide a theoretical foundation for applying pulse\u2011shaping techniques in high\u2011efficiency laser manufacturing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0357262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T17:25:57Z","timestamp":1788456357000},"page":"e0357262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High-power pulsed-laser ablation of aluminum alloy: Simulation model and experimental validation"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Qimeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun University of Science and Technology The School of Electro-Optical 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