{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:57:29Z","timestamp":1790791049334,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88887.343064\/2019-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.343064\/2019-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["140521\/2019-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["140521\/2019-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004263","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21\/2551-0000775-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21\/2551-0000775-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004263","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"PELD-Pro-Mata long-term ecological research program, through grants from CNPq","award":["441590\/2020-9 and 446056\/2024-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["441590\/2020-9 and 446056\/2024-3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The properties of mutualistic networks may vary depending on the habitat structure in which partners interact. In this research, we evaluated two plant-bird frugivorous networks from the South Brazilian Atlantic Forest (\n                    <jats:italic>Araucaria<\/jats:italic>\n                    Forest) and tested how different past disturbance history and present successional stage can influence the structure of these networks. We sampled six secondary forest sites within a protected area in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil\u2014three in early succession following clear-cutting (CC), and three in late succession following selective logging (SL), all with similar disturbance timing in the past. Bird feces were collected from individuals captured with mist nets to identify plant\u2013bird interaction events. We constructed bipartite networks from quantitative matrices and compared network- and species-level descriptors across habitats. We identified 19 bird species interacting with 11 plant species in the CC network, and 13 bird species with 10 plant species in the SL network.\n                    <jats:italic>Myrsine lorentziana<\/jats:italic>\n                    , an important pioneer species for the local forest ecosystems,\n                    <jats:italic>was<\/jats:italic>\n                    a key species in both networks, concentrating the highest number of bird interactions. Both networks were more specialized and modular than expected by chance but did not exhibit significant nestedness. Specialization was generally low, with no significant difference between networks. Modularity was higher in the CC network. On average, plants were more specialized than birds in both networks. Bird abundance did not correlate with species-level specialization, but it did correlate with the number of interactions in the SL network. The same two species,\n                    <jats:italic>Myrsine lorentziana<\/jats:italic>\n                    (plant) and\n                    <jats:italic>Turdus albicollis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (bird), were central in both networks. Additionally, migratory birds were part of the core group of interacting species. Our results showed that plant-bird mutualistic networks of frugivory were structured according to forest type, differing in modularity, composition, and species centrality. Furthermore, the persistence of\n                    <jats:italic>Myrsine lorentziana<\/jats:italic>\n                    and Turdidae as central nodes of interaction throughout successional stages suggests their key role in stability and connectivity in the disturbed remnants of the\n                    <jats:italic>Araucaria<\/jats:italic>\n                    Forest.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0357566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:21:32Z","timestamp":1790788892000},"page":"e0357566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bird-plant frugivory networks in two secondary Araucaria forests in southern Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8177-0757","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Francisco A.","family":"V\u00e1squez-Ar\u00e9valo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n en Diversidad Biol\u00f3gica Terrestre Amaz\u00f3nica (DBIO), Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazon\u00eda Peruana (IIAP)","place":["Iquitos, Loreto, Per\u00fa"]},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ecologia e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o da Biodiversidade, Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)","place":["Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"],"department":["Laborat\u00f3rio de Ecologia de Intera\u00e7\u00f5es"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela E.","family":"Malmoria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabell\u00f3n II Ciudad Universitaria","place":["Buenos Aires, Argentina"],"department":["Departamento de Ecolog\u00eda, Gen\u00e9tica y Evoluci\u00f3n & IEGEBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales"]},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ecologia e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o da Biodiversidade, Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)","place":["Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"],"department":["Laborat\u00f3rio de Ecologia de Intera\u00e7\u00f5es"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla S.","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade Animal, Centro de Ci\u00eancias Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)","place":["Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"]},{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)","place":["Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"],"department":["Departamento de Ecologia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro Maria Abreu","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ecologia e Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o da Biodiversidade, Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)","place":["Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"],"department":["Laborat\u00f3rio de Ecologia de Intera\u00e7\u00f5es"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0357566.ref001","volume-title":"Seed dispersal and frugivory: ecology, evolution, and conservation","author":"DJ Levey","year":"2002"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0357566.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/btp.12738","article-title":"Seed dispersal networks in tropical forest fragments: Area effects, remnant species, and interaction diversity","volume":"52","author":"C Emer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biotropica"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0357566.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1080\/01650521.2020.1743550","article-title":"Fruit and flower 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