{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:23:29Z","timestamp":1791397409752,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.S. Army Dugway Proving Ground and the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources","award":["contract #106298"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["contract #106298"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00fkqvh14","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Artificial Water Sites (AWS) are human-made or modified water sources constructed or maintained for livestock, select wildlife game species, or other management purposes in arid environments. However, non-target species such as desert toads have been documented utilizing AWS. Because the reproductive ecology of desert toads relies on water, understanding factors explaining their presence at AWS can inform conservation practices. To address this lack of information, we examined how AWS design, spatial isolation, local terrain, and surrounding vegetation influenced toad presence in the Great Basin and Mojave Deserts. From May to June 2011, we surveyed 68 AWS for species presence of toads and quantified AWS design features and environmental variables. We detected Great Basin spadefoot toads (\n                    <jats:italic>Spea intermontana<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) at 61% of Great Basin AWS and red-spotted toads (\n                    <jats:italic>Anaxyrus punctatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) at 38% of Mojave AWS. We used generalized mixed-effects models and AIC model selection to identify the most informative variables. Top performing predictors resulted in the final model \u2018access height (lowest distance between water edge and ground surface) + surface area (surface area coverage of water)\u2019, which accounted for 86% of model weight. The predictor \u2018access height\u2019 had a significant negative association with toad presence whereas \u2018surface area\u2019 had\u00a0a significant positive association. Spatial isolation, terrain, and vegetation predictors were not found to influence toad occurrence. Our results indicate that AWS design, specifically lower access height and increased surface area, enhances desert toad use, potentially improving amphibian habitat suitability and persistence.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0357569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T17:21:50Z","timestamp":1791393710000},"page":"e0357569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Accessibility and surface area drive desert toad presence at artificial water sites in the Great Basin and Mojave Deserts"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Leah N.","family":"Gordillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"California State University Bakersfield","place":["Bakersfield, California, United States of America"],"department":["Department of 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Nuclear Weapons Center"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randy T.","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham Young University","place":["Provo, Utah, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brock R.","family":"McMillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham Young University","place":["Provo, Utah, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4654-5412","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lucas K.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California State University Bakersfield","place":["Bakersfield, California, United States of America"],"department":["Department of 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