{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:59:19Z","timestamp":1790618359606,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001823","name":"Ministerstvo \u0160kolstv\u00ed, Ml\u00e1de\u017ee a T\u011blov\u00fdchovy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LM2023049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LM2023049"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Stereotaxis Robotic Magnetic Navigation (RMN) system uses an external magnetic field to navigate catheters inside the heart during arrhythmia ablation. This study compared in vitro maximal contact force (CF) achieved with different irrigated RMN ablation catheters under various conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An in vitro model was created to measure CF using a high-precision goldsmith scale mounted in a dedicated frame between the permanent magnets of the Stereotaxis RMN system. Four irrigated RMN catheters (Navistar RMT, Celsius RMT, Magnoflush, MAGiC\u2122) were evaluated at three magnetic field intensities (0.10 T, 0.08 T, 0.05 T) and under multiple settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The MAGiC\u2122 catheter consistently achieved significantly higher CF across all magnetic field intensities and orientations. At 0.10 T, longitudinal median CF ranged from 13.80 g (\u00b10.10) to 19.80 g (\u00b10.50), approximately 36% higher than the other catheters, which ranged from 7.00 g (\u00b10.50) to 14.50 g (\u00b10.38). In the perpendicular orientation, MAGiC\u2122 ranged from 5.09 g (\u00b10.65) to 10.83 g (\u00b10.89), about 156% higher than the others, which ranged from 1.75 g (\u00b10.18) to 4.22 g (\u00b10.36). Across all catheters, CF increased with higher magnetic field intensity, with greater sheath support and with longitudinal orientation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The MAGiC\u2122 catheter achieved significantly higher CF than other RMN catheters in both longitudinal and perpendicular orientations. The remaining catheters demonstrated comparable CF performance across all magnetic field intensities. Contact force increased with greater magnetic field strength and enhanced sheath support, and was consistently higher in the longitudinal compared with the perpendicular orientation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0357588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:23:51Z","timestamp":1790616231000},"page":"e0357588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In vitro contact force evaluation of robotic magnetic navigation catheters; Head to head comparison of different catheters and different settings"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9510-1386","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zdenek","family":"Starek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Anne\u2019s University Hospital Brno","place":["Brno, Czech Republic"],"department":["International Clinical Research Center"]},{"name":"St. Anne\u2019s University Hospital Brno","place":["Brno, Czech Republic"],"department":["First Department of Internal Medicine \u2013 Cardioangiology"]},{"name":"Masaryk University","place":["Brno, Czech Republic"],"department":["First Department of Internal Medicine \u2013 Cardioangiology, Faculty of Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filip","family":"Sou\u010dek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Anne\u2019s University Hospital Brno","place":["Brno, Czech Republic"],"department":["International Clinical Research Center"]},{"name":"St. Anne\u2019s University Hospital Brno","place":["Brno, Czech Republic"],"department":["First Department of Internal Medicine \u2013 Cardioangiology"]},{"name":"Masaryk University","place":["Brno, Czech Republic"],"department":["First Department of Internal Medicine \u2013 Cardioangiology, Faculty of Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Pe\u0161l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Anne\u2019s University Hospital Brno","place":["Brno, Czech Republic"],"department":["International Clinical Research Center"]},{"name":"St. Anne\u2019s University Hospital Brno","place":["Brno, Czech Republic"],"department":["First Department of Internal Medicine \u2013 Cardioangiology"]},{"name":"Masaryk University","place":["Brno, Czech Republic"],"department":["First Department of Internal Medicine \u2013 Cardioangiology, Faculty of Medicine"]},{"name":"Masaryk University","place":["Brno, Czech Republic"],"department":["Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Folprecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Anne\u2019s University Hospital Brno","place":["Brno, Czech Republic"],"department":["First Department of Internal Medicine \u2013 Cardioangiology"]},{"name":"Brno University of Technology","place":["Brno, Czech Republic"],"department":["Department of Power Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0357588.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz467","article-title":"2019 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular tachycardiaThe Task Force for the management of patients with supraventricular tachycardia of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"41","author":"J Brugada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0357588.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.08.017","article-title":"2023 ACC\/AHA\/ACCP\/HRS guideline for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation","volume":"83","author":"JA Joglar","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"40","key":"pone.0357588.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3997","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac262","article-title":"2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death","volume":"43","author":"K Zeppenfeld","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0357588.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.112.004549","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"AN Ganesan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0357588.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.11.058","article-title":"Robotic magnetic navigation for atrial fibrillation ablation","volume":"47","author":"C 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Yokoyama","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"14","key":"pone.0357588.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000859","article-title":"Impact of catheter-tissue contact force on lesion size during right ventricular outflow tract ablation in a swine model","volume":"133","author":"J-B Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0357588.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.120.009541","article-title":"Assessing the relationship of applied force and ablation duration on lesion size using a diamond tip catheter ablation system","volume":"14","author":"A Verma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"}],"container-title":["PLOS 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