{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T18:04:16Z","timestamp":1789495456174,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Construction Project of High-Level Key Discipline of Clinical Chinese Materia Medica of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["[2023]185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[2023]185"]}]},{"name":"the Project of Fujian Provincial Geriatric Hospital","award":["SLN2025ZD02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SLN2025ZD02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n To evaluate the in vitro inhibitory activity of different\n Angelica dahurica\u2013Ligusticum sinense<\/jats:italic>\n extracts (ethanolic, aqueous, and cold-pressed) against planktonic cells and biofilms of\n Malassezia furfur<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) was used to quantify the major constituents. Micro-broth dilution determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and time\u2013kill assays assessed fungicidal kinetics. Crystal violet staining assay (CVA) and XTT reduction assays quantified inhibition of biofilm biomass formation\/metabolic activity and reduction of mature biofilms. Dermal irritation of the ethanolic extract was evaluated in rats.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n UPLC showed that the ethanolic extract contained the highest levels of ferulic acid, bergapten, oxypeucedanin, imperatorin, and isoimperatorin. The MIC of the ethanolic extract was 5 mg\/mL, superior to those of the aqueous and cold-pressed extracts (10 mg\/mL each). A time\u2013kill study revealed rapid fungicidal activity at 8\u2009\u00d7\u2009MIC. Biofilm assays demonstrated that 0.5\u00d7 and 1\u2009\u00d7\u2009MIC of the ethanolic extract significantly inhibited biofilm formation (P\u2009<\u20090.05), whereas 8\u2009\u00d7\u2009MIC effectively eradicated pre-formed biofilms, markedly reducing biomass and metabolic activity (P\u2009<\u20090.01). No cutaneous irritation was observed in rats at 8\u2009\u00d7\u2009MIC.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n The\n A. dahurica-L. sinense ethanolic<\/jats:italic>\n extract potently inhibited and eradicated\n M. furfur<\/jats:italic>\n planktonic cells and biofilms with favorable safety. This activity may be attributable to its high content of coumarins and phenolic acids, suggesting its potential as a natural agent for the treatment of\n M. furfur<\/jats:italic>\n -associated skin disorders.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0357601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T17:26:08Z","timestamp":1789493168000},"page":"e0357601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inhibitory effect and safety of Angelica dahurica\u2013Ligusticum sinense extracts against Malassezia furfur and its biofilms"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9205-7607","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jinyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Provincial Geriatric Hospital","place":["Fuzhou, Fujian, China"],"department":["Dermatology Department"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingzheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Fuzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinghao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","place":["Fuzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Borui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou First General Hospital Affiliated with Fujian Medical University","place":["Fuzhou, Fujian, China"],"department":["Dermatology 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