{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T18:04:33Z","timestamp":1789581873757,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015295","name":"Chongqing Social Science Planning Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023NDYB94"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023NDYB94"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015295","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018610","name":"Innovation Program in Military Medicine of Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023yjsB02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023yjsB02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018610","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSTB2025NSCQ-GPX0065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSTB2025NSCQ-GPX0065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parental educational anxiety is prevalent globally and impacts children\u2019s psychological outcomes profoundly. However, children\u2019s perceived parental educational anxiety (PPEA) remains understudied, and a standardized tool for PPEA is lacking. Furthermore, the level and influencing factors of PPEA among children remain unclear. This study aimed to revise the Parental Educational Anxiety Scale from a parental perspective to a child-perceived perspective and to further explore its level and influencing factors in college freshmen.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Perceived Parental Educational Anxiety Scale (PPEAS) was revised via pronoun conversion of the original items and expert consultation. Two independent samples were recruited for scale validation: Sample 1 (n\u2009=\u2009232) for exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and Sample 2 (n\u2009=\u2009287) for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and reliability testing. Subsequently, 646 participants completed the revised PPEAS, the Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version (FES-CV), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Non-parametric tests and hierarchical multiple linear regressions were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EFA identified a three-factor structure consisting of 16 items with adequate model fit (\u03c7\u00b2\/df\u2009=\u20092.691, RMSEA\u2009=\u20090.077, TLI\u2009=\u20090.919, CFI\u2009=\u20090.932). Analyses confirmed satisfactory internal consistency reliability (Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1\u2009=\u20090.922) and test-retest reliability (ICC\u2009=\u20090.825). The median PPEA score of Chinese college freshmen was 40 (IQR: 32, 49). Hierarchical regression showed that family conflict was positively associated with PPEA, while children\u2019s resilience was negatively associated with PPEA. Contrary to our hypothesis, family cohesion was not a significant predictor in the final model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The revised PPEAS exhibits good reliability and validity, providing a reliable instrument for measuring perceived educational anxiety from the children\u2019s perspective. The findings highlight that reducing family conflict and improving children\u2019s resilience may contribute to lower PPEA levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0358097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:44:26Z","timestamp":1789580666000},"page":"e0358097","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Revision of the perceived parental-educational-anxiety scale and its application among Chinese college freshmen"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9023-3875","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Laiju","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"],"department":["Department of Pain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongpei","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"],"department":["Department of Pain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxiao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"],"department":["Department of Pain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"],"department":["Department of Pain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5831-7882","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qin","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"],"department":["Department of Pain"]},{"name":"Research center for Children\u2019s Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Chongqing University of Education","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0358097.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.5539\/jel.v11n5p15","article-title":"A quantitative study of undergraduate students\u2019 anxiety","volume":"11","author":"L Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Educ Learn"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0358097.ref002","first-page":"311","article-title":"Analyzing international students\u2019 study anxiety in higher education","volume":"7","author":"R Khoshlessan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Int Stud"},{"key":"pone.0358097.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.105348","article-title":"Parental 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