{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T17:59:07Z","timestamp":1791395947814,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEB-2117367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB-2117367"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEB-2117368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB-2117368"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEB-2117369"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB-2117369"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Cues of potential herbivory, such as the locomotion mucus from gastropod herbivores, may influence germination and growth. Because it remains unclear whether use of gastropod cues to initiate defense is a widespread phenomenon in plants, we examined how mucus from multiple gastropod herbivores (\n                    <jats:italic>Arion subfuscus, Novisuccinea ovalis, Ambigolimax valentianus, Cornu aspersum, Deroceras laeve,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Deroceras reticulatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) affects\n                    <jats:italic>Brassica nigra<\/jats:italic>\n                    germination and seedling biomass. In a two-year replicated experiment, germination timing exhibited species-specific responses and varied across years. Exposure to\n                    <jats:italic>Ar. subfuscus<\/jats:italic>\n                    mucus consistently accelerated germination timing relative to the water-only control, while\n                    <jats:italic>Am. valentianus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>C. aspersum<\/jats:italic>\n                    mucus increased germination speed in one but not both years. Mucus from\n                    <jats:italic>D. laeve<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>D. reticulatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>N. ovalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    did not affect germination speed. Mucus exposure did not affect the proportion of seeds germinating in either year. Seedling biomass responses to mucus exposure were limited and varied between years: only\n                    <jats:italic>C. aspersum<\/jats:italic>\n                    affected biomass in both years, reducing biomass in the first year and increasing it in the second relative to the control. Exposure to\n                    <jats:italic>D. laeve<\/jats:italic>\n                    mucus reduced seedling biomass by 29% in the first year, whereas mucus from its congener\n                    <jats:italic>D. reticulatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , tested in the second year, had no effect. Mucus from the remaining species did not affect seedling growth. Together, these results indicate that exposure to some gastropod mucus treatments can alter\n                    <jats:italic>B. nigra<\/jats:italic>\n                    germination timing and early seedling growth, with responses varying among gastropod species and between years. The lack of consistent responses across several gastropod species suggests that plants may perceive or respond to herbivore cues unevenly, potentially reflecting differences in mucus chemistry among species or environmental conditions influencing plant sensitivity to these cues. Our findings highlight the complexity of gastropod-plant interactions and suggest that environmental or physiological conditions play an important role in shaping plant responses to herbivore-associated chemical cues.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0358257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T17:26:56Z","timestamp":1791394016000},"page":"e0358257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Herbivore-specific plant defense responses to a pre-attack risk cue"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8366-7287","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eirette M.","family":"Santiago","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Rhode Island","place":["Kingston, Rhode Island, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Biological 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M.","family":"McGee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Rhode Island","place":["Kingston, Rhode Island, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Biological Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faye","family":"Santaniello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Rhode Island","place":["Kingston, Rhode Island, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Biological Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack S.","family":"Whitney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Rhode Island","place":["Kingston, Rhode Island, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Biological Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin M.","family":"Orians","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts University","place":["Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Biology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John L.","family":"Orrock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin","place":["Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Integrative Biology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan L.","family":"Preisser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Rhode Island","place":["Kingston, Rhode Island, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Biological Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1712","key":"pone.0358257.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20160034","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0034","article-title":"Domestication impacts on plant-herbivore interactions: a meta-analysis","volume":"372","author":"SR 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