{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:02:12Z","timestamp":1790359332123,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Doctoral Program","award":["3247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3247"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This work provides a detailed and reproducible methodology for the fabrication of copper-doped hydroxyapatite (HAp-Cu) thin films on silicon substrates via Plasma-Assisted Pulsed Laser Deposition (PAPLD). The methodology is centered on the nanosecond pulsed laser ablation of a synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAp) target, physically modified through the incorporation of metallic copper filaments, which serve as a localized dopant source during the deposition process. This configuration enables the controlled co-deposition of hydroxyapatite and copper species, facilitating the formation of uniform thin films with potential bioactive properties. The proposed protocol comprises the following key elements: \u2022\n                    <jats:bold>Preparation of Targets:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A comprehensive, stepwise procedure for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite powder and the subsequent fabrication of mechanically robust ceramic targets, including a novel approach for embedding copper filaments to ensure effective doping during laser ablation. \u2022\n                    <jats:bold>Deposition Parameters:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Detailed specifications of the PAPLD system, encompassing laser characteristics (wavelength, fluence, repetition rate), target-to-substrate distance, and chamber vacuum conditions. These parameters have been optimized to ensure reproducibility in film growth and compositional consistency. \u2022\n                    <jats:bold>Validation Procedure:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A systematic approach to validating the deposition process, focused on confirming the incorporation of copper into the hydroxyapatite matrix and verifying the formation of crystalline HAp-Cu films through targeted characterization techniques, distinct from exhaustive physicochemical or biological evaluations. The methodology described herein establishes a reliable framework for the fabrication of HAp-Cu coatings via PAPLD, offering a reproducible route for future studies requiring precise control over dopant incorporation within hydroxyapatite-based thin films. For further details regarding the physicochemical characterization and biological assessment of the resulting coatings, the reader is referred to a complementary publication by the authors.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0358441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:46:13Z","timestamp":1790358373000},"page":"e0358441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A detailed method for copper doping of synthetic hydroxyapatite thin films via plasma-assisted pulsed laser deposition"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1232-0023","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Bohorquez Santiago","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Pereira","place":["Pereira-Risaralda, Colombia"]},{"name":"Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Pereira","place":["Pereira-Risaralda, Colombia"],"department":["Departamento de F\u00edsica, Facultad de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas"]},{"name":"Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Pereira","place":["Pereira-Risaralda, Colombia"],"department":["Doctorado en Ciencias"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana Marcela","family":"Devia Narv\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Pereira","place":["Pereira-Risaralda, Colombia"]},{"name":"Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica de Pereira","place":["Pereira-Risaralda, Colombia"],"department":["Doctorado en Ciencias"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rogelio","family":"Ospina Ospina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Industrial de Santander","place":["Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0358441.ref001","article-title":"Effects of copper on hydroxyapatite thin films by pulsed laser deposition on silicon","author":"L Bohorquez-Santiago","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Ceram Soc"},{"key":"pone.0358441.ref002","author":"M Michael","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hydroxyapatite (HAp) for biomedical applications"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0358441.ref003","first-page":"67","article-title":"Modificaci\u00f3n superficial de biomateriales met\u00e1licos","volume":"29","author":"SE Rodil","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Latinoam Metal Mater"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0358441.ref004","first-page":"90","article-title":"La hidroxiapatita, su importancia en los tejidos mineralizados y su aplicaci\u00f3n biom\u00e9dica","volume":"9","author":"MV Garc\u00eda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cienc Qu\u00edm Biol"},{"key":"pone.0358441.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.05.045","article-title":"Nano-scale modification of titanium implant surfaces to enhance osseointegration","volume":"94","author":"JCM Souza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0358441.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.03.046","article-title":"Biological performance of chemical hydroxyapatite coating associated with implant surface modification by laser beam: biomechanical study in rabbit tibias","volume":"67","author":"RS Faeda","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0358441.ref007","first-page":"677","article-title":"A review on titanium nitride and titanium carbide single and multilayer coatings deposited by plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition","volume":"29","author":"M Azadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0358441.ref008","first-page":"240","article-title":"Recubrimientos de hidroxiapatita biol\u00f3gica dopada con magnesio y reforzada con TiO\u2082: s\u00edntesis y caracterizaci\u00f3n","volume":"34","author":"AC Ni\u00f1o","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev Latinoam Metal Mater"},{"key":"pone.0358441.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.03.006","article-title":"Ion-substituted calcium phosphate coatings by physical vapor deposition magnetron sputtering for biomedical applications: A review","volume":"89","author":"M Qadir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"pone.0358441.ref010","unstructured":"Felipe R, Menjura L. S\u00edntesis y caracterizaci\u00f3n de pel\u00edculas de WTiN por la t\u00e9cnica PAPVD. 2017."},{"key":"pone.0358441.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2017.09.008","article-title":"Nd:YAG (532 nm) pulsed laser deposition produces crystalline hydroxyapatite thin coatings at room temperature","volume":"329","author":"GC Gomes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surf Coat Technol"},{"key":"pone.0358441.ref012","first-page":"109","article-title":"Caracter\u00edsticas cristaloqu\u00edmicas de la hidroxiapatita sint\u00e9tica tratada a diferentes temperaturas","author":"ME Londo\u00f1o","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev Esc Ing Antioquia"},{"key":"pone.0358441.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7263","DOI":"10.1007\/s11664-026-12982-z","article-title":"Photo-responsive behavior of LCMGO thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition","volume":"55","author":"P Lakhani","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Electron Mater"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0358441.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asej.2016.04.015","article-title":"Cr\u2013ZnO nanostructured thin film coating on borosilicate glass by cost effective sol\u2013gel dip coating method","volume":"9","author":"RV Ramani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ain Shams Eng J"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0358441","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:46:18Z","timestamp":1790358378000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0358441"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Wenguo","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital","place":["CHINA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0358441","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]}}}