{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T19:02:20Z","timestamp":1789498940608,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Universities are increasingly expected to develop transferable competencies that improve graduates\u2019 employability, yet little is known about the psychological mechanisms through which such competencies translate into entrepreneurial outcomes in sport management education. Drawing on social cognitive career theory (SCCT), this study examined whether career awareness mediates the relationship between communication skills and entrepreneurial tendencies among prospective sport managers. Cross-sectional data were collected from 622 undergraduate sport management students in T\u00fcrkiye (280 women, 342 men) using the Communication Skills Scale, the Career Awareness Scale, and the Entrepreneurship Scale for University Students. Following a pre-specified mediation protocol, a pooled measurement model containing all constructs was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis before the structural model was estimated by maximum likelihood; indirect effects were tested with bias-corrected bootstrapping based on 5,000 resamples. All hypothesised paths were supported. Communication skills predicted career awareness (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.73, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and entrepreneurial tendencies (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.50, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and career awareness predicted entrepreneurial tendencies (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.45, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Career awareness partially mediated the relationship between communication skills and entrepreneurial tendencies (indirect effect\u2009=\u20090.33, 95% CI [0.25, 0.42]), transmitting approximately 40% of a total effect of 0.83. Together, the two predictors explained 79% of the variance in entrepreneurial tendencies. The findings extend SCCT to the sport management education context by identifying career awareness as a cognitive-developmental mechanism that converts interpersonal competence into entrepreneurial orientation, rather than treating communication as a direct antecedent. Practically, they indicate that communication training yields limited entrepreneurial returns unless it is deliberately coupled with career-awareness interventions: sport management programmes should embed structured career guidance, industry mentoring, and venture-based project work into applied communication coursework, and accreditation frameworks should treat career awareness as an assessable programme outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0358456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T18:03:08Z","timestamp":1789495388000},"page":"e0358456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Career awareness as a mediator between communication skills and entrepreneurial tendencies in prospective sport managers"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Zafer","family":"Gayretli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Karadeniz Technical University","place":["Trabzon, T\u00fcrkiye"],"department":["Department of Physical Education"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9794-0888","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Z\u00fclbiye","family":"Ka\u00e7ay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c7anakkale Onsekiz Mart University","place":["\u00c7anakkale, T\u00fcrkiye"],"department":["Faculty of Sport Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samet","family":"Zengin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trabzon University","place":["Trabzon, T\u00fcrkiye"],"department":["Faculty of Sport Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuh Osman","family":"Y\u0131ld\u0131z","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bolu Abant \u0130zzet Baysal University","place":["Bolu, T\u00fcrkiye"],"department":["Faculty of Sport Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurentiu-Gabriel","family":"Talaghir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dunarea de Jos University of Galati","place":["Galati, Romania"],"department":["Faculty of Physical Education and Sport"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teodora Mihaela","family":"Iconomescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dunarea de Jos University of Galati","place":["Galati, Romania"],"department":["Faculty of Physical Education and Sport"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel Marian","family":"Manolache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dunarea de Jos University of Galati","place":["Galati, Romania"],"department":["Faculty of Physical Education and Sport"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dumitru Marius","family":"Cosoreanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dunarea de Jos University of Galati","place":["Galati, Romania"],"department":["Faculty of Physical Education and Sport"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0358456.ref001","volume-title":"21. y\u00fczy\u0131l becerileri ve de\u011ferlere y\u00f6nelik ara\u015ft\u0131rma raporu","author":"YK T\u00fcrel","year":"2023"},{"key":"pone.0358456.ref002","first-page":"17","article-title":"Defining twenty-first century skills","author":"M Binkley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Assessment and teaching of 21st century skills. Springer Netherlands"},{"key":"pone.0358456.ref003","volume-title":"Social and emotional skills: well-being, connectedness and success","author":"OECD","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358456.ref004","first-page":"81","article-title":"Spor y\u00f6neticili\u011fi programlar\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6ren \u00f6\u011frencilerin sekt\u00f6rel beklenti, mesleki belirsizlik ve gelecek kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesi: fenomenolojik bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme","volume":"3","author":"E Ilgar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spor E\u011fitim Dergisi"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0358456.ref005","first-page":"341","article-title":"Spor bilimleri fak\u00fcltesi \u00f6\u011frencilerinin i\u015f bulma-istihdam kayg\u0131lar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik karma model ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131","volume":"19","author":"Z Hazar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Beden E\u011fitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi"},{"issue":"58","key":"pone.0358456.ref006","first-page":"28","article-title":"Spor y\u00f6neticili\u011fi b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00f6\u011frencilerinin ileti\u015fim beceri d\u00fczeyleri ile giri\u015fimcilik d\u00fczeyleri aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki","volume":"5","author":"M Dall\u0131","year":"2017","journal-title":"Akademik Sosyal Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Dergisi"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358456.ref007","first-page":"7","article-title":"Spor bilimleri \u00f6\u011frencilerine y\u00f6nelik kariyer fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finin (KF\u00d6) geli\u015ftirilmesi","volume":"2","author":"O Ya\u015far","year":"2019","journal-title":"\u00c7anakkale Onsekiz Mart \u00dcniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0358456.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.3727\/152599521X16367300695627","article-title":"Chinese event students\u2019 career: the role of career awareness and career self-efficacy","volume":"26","author":"J Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Event Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358456.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1006\/jvbe.1994.1027","article-title":"Toward a unifying social cognitive theory of career and academic interest, choice, and performance","volume":"45","author":"RW Lent","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Vocat Behav"},{"key":"pone.0358456.ref010","first-page":"101","article-title":"A social cognitive view of career development and counseling.","volume-title":"Brown SD, Lent RW, editors. Career development and counseling: putting theory and research to work","author":"RW Lent","year":"2005"},{"key":"pone.0358456.ref011","article-title":"The art of writing for premier journals","author":"WM Lim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Glob Bus Organ Excell"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0358456.ref012","first-page":"51","article-title":"\u0130leti\u015fim becerileri \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi\u2019nin geli\u015ftirilmesi: ge\u00e7erlik ve g\u00fcvenirlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131","volume":"10","author":"F Korkut-Owen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mersin \u00dcniversitesi E\u011fitim Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi"},{"key":"pone.0358456.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2021.106138","article-title":"Communication skills predict social-emotional competencies","volume":"93","author":"P Rautakoski","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Commun Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0358456.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1002\/jee.20166","article-title":"Collaborating for early-age career awareness: a comparison of three instructional formats","volume":"106","author":"N Colston","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Eng Educ"},{"key":"pone.0358456.ref015","volume-title":"Teaching strategies that promote science career awareness","author":"C Cohen","year":"2012"},{"key":"pone.0358456.ref016","first-page":"37","article-title":"Beden e\u011fitimi ve spor y\u00fcksekokulu \u00f6\u011frencilerinin ileti\u015fim beceri d\u00fczeylerinin incelenmesi","volume":"4","author":"O Ayd\u0131n","year":"2018","journal-title":"Uluslararas\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve Sosyal Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Dergisi"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358456.ref017","first-page":"38","article-title":"Scientific and practical competencies, communication skills, evaluation and ability to work among the graduates of sports rehabilitation","volume":"19","author":"MAW Alsoub","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev Iberoam Psicol Ejerc Deporte"},{"key":"pone.0358456.ref018","volume-title":"Entrepreneurship","author":"RD Hisrich","year":"2002","edition":"5"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358456.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1108\/13552550510580825","article-title":"Exploring the synergy between entrepreneurship and innovation","volume":"11","author":"F Zhao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Entrep Behav Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0358456.ref020","first-page":"109","article-title":"Spor y\u00f6neticisi adaylar\u0131n\u0131n sosyal giri\u015fimcilik d\u00fczeylerinin \u00e7e\u015fitli de\u011fi\u015fkenler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan incelenmesi","volume":"22","author":"YS Biricik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Beden E\u011fitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi"},{"key":"pone.0358456.ref021","first-page":"3173","article-title":"Sport entrepreneurship: the role of innovation and creativity in sport management","volume":"18","author":"J Hammerschmidt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev Manag Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358456.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1108\/JEPP-07-2019-110","article-title":"New ways of sports entrepreneurship in the university","volume":"8","author":"AJ S\u00e1nchez-Oliver","year":"2019","journal-title":"JEPP"},{"key":"pone.0358456.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1177\/1744987118807268","article-title":"Commentary: the effect of career awareness on perceived career and talent development, self-efficacy and career barriers among nursing students","volume":"24","author":"G Coverdale","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Res Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0358456.ref024","first-page":"14","article-title":"Spor e\u011fitimi alan\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6ren \u00f6\u011frencilerin giri\u015fimcilik d\u00fczeyleri ile kariyer fark\u0131ndal\u0131klar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki","volume":"7","author":"AB Ertekin","year":"2020","journal-title":"\u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc \u00dcniversitesi Beden E\u011fitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358456.ref025","first-page":"64","article-title":"Kariyer gelece\u011fi planlamas\u0131 ve giri\u015fimcilik y\u00f6nelimi aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki","volume":"7","author":"MT Abdel-bassait","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ekonomi \u0130\u015fletme ve Y\u00f6netim Dergisi"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0358456.ref026","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u00dcniversite k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bireysel kariyer planlama ve giri\u015fimcilik e\u011filimine etkisi","volume":"12","author":"M I\u015f\u0131k","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Soc Sci Res"},{"key":"pone.0358456.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2020.12.027","article-title":"Enhancing communication skills among residents in India: an interprofessional education approach","volume":"77","author":"JK Bhatia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med J Armed Forces India"},{"key":"pone.0358456.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11247","DOI":"10.15766\/mep_2374-8265.11247","article-title":"Interprofessional leadership development: role of emotional intelligence and communication skills training","volume":"18","author":"S Shrivastava","year":"2022","journal-title":"MedEdPORTAL"},{"key":"pone.0358456.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727831","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.727831","article-title":"The impact of entrepreneurship education of entrepreneurs on the entrepreneurial psychology of sports majors from the perspective of pedagogy","volume":"12","author":"T Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0358456.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751176","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.751176","article-title":"Modern physical education and its influence on students\u2019 entrepreneurial psychology in sports universities","volume":"12","author":"D Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0358456.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115402","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1115402","article-title":"The mediator role of communication skill in the relationship between empathy, team cohesion, and competition performance in curlers","volume":"14","author":"D Bedir","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0358456.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2019.05.017","article-title":"The relationship of personality traits and entrepreneurship tendencies with career adaptability of nursing students","volume":"79","author":"\u00d6 \u0130spir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"},{"key":"pone.0358456.ref033","first-page":"280","article-title":"\u00dcniversite \u00f6\u011frencilerinin temel benlik de\u011ferlendirmeleri ile kariyer stresleri aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkide giri\u015fimcilik niyetinin arac\u0131l\u0131k rol\u00fc","volume":"53","author":"Y Torun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pamukkale \u00dcniversitesi E\u011fitim Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi"},{"key":"pone.0358456.ref034","volume-title":"Research methods: design and analysis","author":"LB Christensen","year":"2015"},{"key":"pone.0358456.ref035","volume-title":"Higher education programme statistics, 2025\u20132026 academic year","author":"Y Council of Higher Education","year":"2026"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0358456.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2007.01882.x","article-title":"Required sample size to detect the mediated effect","volume":"18","author":"MS Fritz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"key":"pone.0358456.ref037","volume-title":"Principles and practice of structural equation modeling","author":"RB Kline","year":"2016","edition":"4"},{"key":"pone.0358456.ref038","first-page":"196","article-title":"Giri\u015fimcilik \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finin \u00fcniversite \u00f6\u011frencilerine y\u00f6nelik geli\u015ftirilmesi","volume":"21","author":"E Y\u0131lmaz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sel\u00e7uk \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Dergisi"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0358456.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173","article-title":"The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations","volume":"51","author":"RM Baron","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0358456.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-008-0109-6","article-title":"A general model for testing mediation and moderation effects","volume":"10","author":"AJ Fairchild","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prev Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0358456.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1177\/1049731511414148","article-title":"Integrating mediators and moderators in research design","volume":"21","author":"DP Mackinnon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Res Soc Work Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358456.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2014.962683","article-title":"An index and test of linear moderated mediation","volume":"50","author":"AF Hayes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Multivariate Behav Res"},{"key":"pone.0358456.ref043","author":"SJ Jollineau","year":"2021","journal-title":"A practical guide to using path analysis: mediation and moderation in accounting research. SSRN"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0358456.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2019.1704289","article-title":"semopy: a python package for structural equation modeling","volume":"27","author":"AA Igolkina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Struct Equ Model: A Multidiscip J"},{"key":"pone.0358456.ref045","volume-title":"Discovering statistics using SPSS","author":"A Field","year":"2009","edition":"3"},{"key":"pone.0358456.ref046","volume-title":"Using multivariate statistics","author":"BG Tabachnick","year":"2007","edition":"5"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0358456.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/57.3.519","article-title":"Measures of multivariate skewness and kurtosis with applications","volume":"57","author":"KV Mardia","year":"1970","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0358456.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.88.5.879","article-title":"Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies","volume":"88","author":"PM Podsakoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Appl Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0358456.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.103.3.411","article-title":"Structural equation modeling in practice: a review and recommended two-step approach","volume":"103","author":"JC Anderson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0358456.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1207\/S15328007SEM0902_1","article-title":"To parcel or not to parcel: exploring the question, weighing the merits","volume":"9","author":"TD Little","year":"2002","journal-title":"Struct Equ Model: A Multidiscip J"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358456.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/002224378101800104","article-title":"Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error","volume":"18","author":"C Fornell","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Mark Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358456.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11747-014-0403-8","article-title":"A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling","volume":"43","author":"J Henseler","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Acad Mark Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0358456.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1086\/651257","article-title":"Reconsidering baron and kenny: myths and truths about mediation analysis","volume":"37","author":"X Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Consum Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0358456.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-9004.2011.00355.x","article-title":"Mediation analysis in social psychology: current practices and new recommendations","volume":"5","author":"DD Rucker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Social & Personality Psych"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358456.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","article-title":"Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives","volume":"6","author":"L Hu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Struct Equ Model: A Multidiscip J"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358456.ref056","article-title":"Tech talk: development of a conceptual framework to enhance sport students\u2019 communication skills and content learning through vlogs as an assessment tool","volume":"8","author":"L van den Berg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cogent Edu"},{"key":"pone.0358456.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588430","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1588430","article-title":"Psychosocial and structural barriers to dual careers among Korean student-athletes: a multilayered ecological perspective","volume":"16","author":"SJ Ha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0358456.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.2307\/2393788","article-title":"What theory is not","volume":"40","author":"RI Sutton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Adm Sci Q"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0358456.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1177\/0894486511406427","article-title":"What constitutes a theoretical contribution in family business?","volume":"24","author":"T Reay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Family Business Review"},{"key":"pone.0358456.ref060","article-title":"Theory development in a globalized world: bridging \u201cdoing as the Romans do\u201d with \u201cunderstanding why the Romans do it\u201d","author":"ST Homer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Glob Bus Organ Excell"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0358456","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T18:03:17Z","timestamp":1789495397000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0358456"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Marco Ant\u00f3nio Mexia","family":"Arraya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Europeia, Lisboa","place":["PORTUGAL"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0358456","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]}}}