{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T18:08:42Z","timestamp":1790014122921,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous studies on Fear of Childbirth (FoC) across sub-Saharan Africa have typically reported prevalence separately by parity or treated it as a covariate in multivariable analyses, with little attention given to identifying parity-specific determinants. However, first-time mothers and those with previous birth experiences may require different forms of antenatal support. To address this gap, we assessed the prevalence of FoC and identified parity-specific determinants among antenatal care attendees in Ghana to inform targeted interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A facility-based cross-sectional study was carried out among pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) at a primary healthcare facility in Kumasi. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The primary outcome of the study, FoC, was assessed using the English version of the Wijma Delivery Expectation\/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ). Additional data included sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics. Stratified multivariable linear regression models were applied to identify parity-specific determinants among the participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 282 women who participated in the study, 22% had high-to-severe FoC. Nulliparous women (median: 46.0, IQR: 37.0\u201366.0) reported significantly higher median W-DEQ scores than parous women (median: 39.0, IQR: 32.0\u201358.5). In a parity-stratified analysis, among nulliparous women, factors such as a history of family abuse (adjusted \u0392\u2009=\u200916.32, 95% CI: 2.50 to 30.14) and late ANC booking (adjusted \u0392\u2009=\u200913.13, 95% CI: 1.43 to 24.84) were significantly associated with FoC. Among parous women, factors such as secondary education (adjusted \u0392\u2009=\u2009\u22127.63, 95% CI: \u221214.88 to \u22120.37), intimate partner violence (adjusted \u0392\u2009=\u200910.87, 95% CI: 0.69 to 21.04), unplanned pregnancy (adjusted \u0392\u2009=\u20098.38, 95% CI: 2.51 to 14.26), and strong family support (adjusted \u0392\u2009=\u2009\u221227.94, 95% CI: \u221238.77 to \u221217.11) were significantly associated with FoC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FoC is common among this cohort of pregnant women, and its determinants differed by parity and across parity-specific factors. The parity-stratified determinants underscore the need for parity-tailored psychosocial care at ANC, incorporating targeted screening and support procedures aligned with parity-associated risk pathways to enhance maternal well-being.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0358457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:32:42Z","timestamp":1790011962000},"page":"e0358457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fear of childbirth among antenatal care attendees in a primary care setting in Kumasi, Ghana: Prevalence and parity-stratified determinants"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Juliana Ofosua","family":"Addo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology","place":["Kumasi, Ghana"],"department":["Department of Population"]},{"name":"HopeXchange Medical Centre","place":["Kumasi, Ghana"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2321-387X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Douglas Aninng","family":"Opoku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology","place":["Kumasi, Ghana"]},{"name":"School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology","place":["Kumasi, Ghana"],"department":["Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1859-2620","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Julius Kwabena","family":"Karikari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology","place":["Kumasi, Ghana"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Konadu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology","place":["Kumasi, Ghana"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercy","family":"Addae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology","place":["Kumasi, Ghana"]},{"name":"School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology","place":["Kumasi, Ghana"],"department":["Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis Kwabena","family":"Kyei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology","place":["Kumasi, Ghana"],"department":["Department of 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