{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T18:07:58Z","timestamp":1789495678128,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022965","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 20230030-20-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 20230030-20-21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022965","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Silvopastoral systems and other tree-based land uses are increasingly promoted for soil conservation and climate-change mitigation in tropical livestock landscapes. However, their relationships with soil organic carbon (SOC), litter decomposition, and soil macrofauna remain poorly characterized in Amazonian production systems. In this single-farm case study, we assessed SOC distribution and stocks, soil bulk density (\u03c1b), early litter decomposition, and soil macrofaunal communities across five contrasting land-use sites in the Colombian Amazonian foothills. The silvopastoral site had been established 18 months before sampling, allowing characterization of its early-stage soil conditions. Depth-stratified sampling showed pronounced SOC enrichment in the 0\u201310 cm layer at the silvopastoral site, which also had lower overall \u03c1b than open pasture (1.29 vs. 1.48 g cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). However, SOC stocks from the independently sampled 0\u201330 cm profile were comparable between these sites. Cumulative litter mass loss increased during the 60-day evaluation and varied among forage species and sites, whereas C and N concentrations and C:N showed no statistically supported temporal changes. Macrofaunal organization varied among sites and soil depths; the silvopastoral site had the highest observed Shannon diversity in the 0\u201310 cm layer (H\u2032\u2009=\u20091.14), although no site consistently showed the greatest diversity and evenness across all depths. Overall, the silvopastoral site combined favorable surface soil attributes with comparatively high upper-layer macrofaunal diversity. Given the cross-sectional design and single-site representation of each land use, these findings constitute a baseline characterization of site-specific conditions rather than evidence of changes attributable to silvopastoral establishment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0358469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T17:44:46Z","timestamp":1789494286000},"page":"e0358469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Soil organic carbon stocks, litter decomposition, and soil macrofauna diversity across contrasting land uses within a dual-purpose cattle farm in the Colombian Amazonian foothills"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Juan Pablo","family":"Narv\u00e1ez-Herrera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Antioquia, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Agrarias (GRICA)","place":["Medell\u00edn, Antioquia, Colombia"],"department":["Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Angulo-Arizala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Antioquia, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Agrarias (GRICA)","place":["Medell\u00edn, Antioquia, Colombia"],"department":["Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilson Andr\u00e9s","family":"Barrag\u00e1n-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Corporaci\u00f3n Colombiana de Investigaci\u00f3n Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n El Nus","place":["San Roque, Antioquia, Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Mavisoy-Muchavisoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje \u2013 SENA \u2013 Regional Putumayo","place":["Puerto As\u00eds, Putumayo, Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian Rolando","family":"Riascos-Vallejos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje \u2013 SENA \u2013 Regional Putumayo","place":["Puerto As\u00eds, Putumayo, Colombia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3377-8399","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Liliana","family":"Mahecha-Ledesma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Antioquia, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Agrarias (GRICA)","place":["Medell\u00edn, Antioquia, Colombia"],"department":["Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358469.ref001","first-page":"125","article-title":"Carbono org\u00e1nico en suelos agr\u00edcolas de M\u00e9xico: 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