{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:49:27Z","timestamp":1792788567425,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.","award":["23K10442"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K10442"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00hhkn466","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pain can influence attention and other higher-order cognitive processes. In experimental settings, acute pain has been linked to attentional prioritization of the painful body region. However, conventional experimental pain models often rely on brief, phasic nociceptive stimuli and are therefore less suited to examining spatial attention during a sustained, experimentally induced sensitized state. In this study, we examined whether high-frequency stimulation (HFS)-induced secondary hyperalgesia, as a model of acute experimental sensitization, was associated with changes in temporal order judgment (TOJ) and resting-state EEG-derived measures in healthy adults. Sixteen healthy adults (mean age, 28.5 years; seven women) underwent HFS of the forearm to induce secondary hyperalgesia. Spatial attention was assessed using a TOJ task, and resting-state EEG data were analyzed using source-level graph-theoretical measures. HFS increased pinprick pain sensitivity in the surrounding skin adjacent to the stimulation site. TOJ performance showed a significant shift in the point of subjective simultaneity (PSS) toward the HFS-treated side, indicating an attentional bias independent of subjective pain intensity. EEG analysis revealed a significant increase in nodal degree in the bilateral precuneus in the theta band, and this change was positively correlated with the PSS shift (\u03c1\u2009=\u20090.53, p\u2009=\u20090.036). These findings suggest that both behavioral attentional bias and short-term changes in resting-state EEG-derived measures can accompany acute experimentally induced sensitization. The present results should be interpreted within the scope of the HFS model as reflecting short-term modulation during an acute sensitized state rather than chronic pain-like reorganization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0358552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:46:53Z","timestamp":1790358413000},"page":"e0358552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High-frequency stimulation\u2013induced secondary hyperalgesia shifts temporal order judgment and increases precuneus nodal degree in healthy adults"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4738-3509","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuki","family":"Morikawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heisei Memorial Hospital, Shijo-cho","place":["Kashihara-city, Nara, Japan"],"department":["Department of Rehabilitation"]},{"name":"Kio University, Umaminaka, Koryo-cho","place":["Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, Japan"],"department":["Graduate School of Health Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4776-6463","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michihiro","family":"Osumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kio University, Umaminaka, Koryo-cho","place":["Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, Japan"],"department":["Graduate School of Health Sciences"]},{"name":"Kio University, Umaminaka, Koryo-cho","place":["Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, Japan"],"department":["Neurorehabilitation Research Center"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0358552.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.03.020","article-title":"A neurocognitive model of attention to pain: behavioral and neuroimaging evidence","volume":"144","author":"V Legrain","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358552.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2010.10.005","article-title":"The pain matrix reloaded: a salience detection system for the body","volume":"93","author":"V Legrain","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0358552.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(02)00007-6","article-title":"Cognitive modulation of pain: how do attention and emotion influence pain processing","author":"C Villemure","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"pone.0358552.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.10.006","article-title":"Acute and persistent pain modulation of attention-related anterior cingulate fMRI activations","volume":"113","author":"ALH Buffington","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0358552.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2024.101761","article-title":"Chronic pain management and sleep disorders","volume":"5","author":"AN Seiger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"pone.0358552.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737874","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.737874","article-title":"Evidence for cognitive decline in chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"X Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0358552.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.125.3.356","article-title":"Pain demands attention: a cognitive-affective model of the interruptive function of pain","volume":"125","author":"C Eccleston","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"pone.0358552.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-12033-1_1","article-title":"Cognitive psychology and neuropsychology of nociception and pain","author":"V Legrain","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain, emotion and cognition. 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