{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:54:19Z","timestamp":1792173259041,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007446","name":"King Khalid University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R. G. P. 2\/185\/46"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R. G. P. 2\/185\/46"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007446","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers","award":["PNURSP2026R457"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2026R457"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05b0cyh02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Lumpy skin is a highly host-specific, contagious, transboundary, notifiable disease affecting cattle (\n                    <jats:italic>Bos taurus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Bos indicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and water buffalo (\n                    <jats:italic>Bubalus bubalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and also reported in some wild ruminants. The spread and reporting of Lumpy skin disease (LSD) in the past five years in disease-free countries, mainly in Pakistan, has highlighted the threat of its emergence and re-emergence in neighboring areas. Notably significant outbreaks of this disease have been reported in the neighboring countries of Pakistan during the last decades and are thought to be the reason for the first reported outbreak of LSD in Pakistan in the year 2021\u221222. This study targeted seven locations and collected samples and clinical data of LSD-suspected animals, focusing on clinical presentation, farm-level risk factors, and molecular characterization via PCR and subsequent phylogenetic relatedness of sequenced isolates. Out of the collected samples (n\u2009=\u2009285), 117 cases were found positive for LSDV. The most frequent clinical signs included fever (83.7%), skin nodules (94.8%), emaciation (88.0%), and snoring (83.7%), all of which were statistically significant (p\u2009\u2264\u20090.05). Significant farm-level risk factors associated with LSDV positive cases included the use of shared water sources (64.9%), treatment by quack practitioners (79.4%), improper handling of manure (22.2%), and lack of disinfection (15.3%), with significant\n                    <jats:italic>p-values<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u22640.05. Molecular confirmation of LSDV was performed by PCR amplification of a 554-bp fragment of the RPO30 gene, a commonly used molecular marker for LSDV detection and characterization. The sequenced isolates showed close genetic similarity to strains reported from India, Bangladesh, and China, indicating a regional genetic relatedness among circulating LSDV strains. The study highlights that enhanced biosecurity, farmer education, vaccination, and veterinary guidance can prevent disease spread, improve livestock health, and reduce economic losses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0358559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:25:47Z","timestamp":1792171547000},"page":"e0358559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Retrospective analysis of genetic diversity, clinical manifestations and risk factors, during outbreak of lumpy skin disease virus"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Mudassar","family":"Mohiuddin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Islamia University of Bahawalpur","place":["Bahawalpur, Pakistan"],"department":["Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences"]},{"name":"The Government Sadiq College Women University","place":["Bahawalpur, Pakistan"],"department":["Department of Microbiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hira","family":"Hameed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Livestock and Dairy Development Department","place":["Lahore, Pakistan"],"department":["Provincial Diagnostic Laboratory"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3447-5629","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Muhammad Waqar","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Islamia University of Bahawalpur","place":["Bahawalpur, Pakistan"],"department":["Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tayyaba","family":"Asghar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","place":["Sahiwal, Pakistan"],"department":["Department of Biosciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yehia","family":"Hazzazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jazan University","place":["Jazan, Saudi Arabia"],"department":["Department of Biology, College of Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsen A.","family":"Khormi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jazan University","place":["Jazan, Saudi Arabia"],"department":["Department of Biology, College of Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Layla A.","family":"Almutairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"department":["Department of Biology, College of Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0130-2257","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Essam H.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Khalid University","place":["Abha, Saudi Arabia"],"department":["Biology Department, Faculty of Science"]},{"name":"National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals","place":["Cairo, Egypt"],"department":["Blood Products Quality Control and Research Department"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mudasser","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS)","place":["Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"department":["Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Taslim","family":"Ghori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Islamia University of Bahawalpur","place":["Bahawalpur, Pakistan"],"department":["Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Salahuddin","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS)","place":["Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"department":["Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0358559.ref001","first-page":"489","article-title":"Cytopathogenic agents associated with lumpy skin disease of cattle","volume":"5","author":"R Alexander","year":"1957","journal-title":"Bulletin of epizootic diseases of Africa"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0358559.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6054","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.12.6054-6061.2002","article-title":"The genomes of sheeppox and goatpox viruses","volume":"76","author":"ER Tulman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358559.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3986","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2015.3986","article-title":"Scientific opinion on lumpy skin disease","volume":"13","year":"2015","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358559.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-016-1156-9","article-title":"Incidence and molecular characterisation of lumpy skin disease virus in Zimbabwe using the P32 gene","volume":"49","author":"P Mafirakureva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358559.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-1831-y","article-title":"Humoral immune response to repeated lumpy skin disease virus vaccination and performance of serological tests","volume":"15","author":"M Milovanovi\u0107","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0358559.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12730","article-title":"Detection of lumpy skin disease virus in skin lesions, blood, nasal swabs and milk following preventive vaccination","volume":"65","author":"T Bedekovi\u0107","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"pone.0358559.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhoye S. Lumpy skin disease (LSD) in cattle caused by the lumpy skin disease virus (Neethling virus): A member of the genus capripoxvirus within the family poxviridae. 2022.","DOI":"10.22271\/veterinary.2022.v7.i6a.451"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0358559.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-019-04327-5","article-title":"Importance of the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) LSDV126 gene in differential diagnosis and epidemiology and its possible involvement in attenuation","volume":"164","author":"O Erster","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0358559.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18782\/2322-0392.1284","article-title":"Epidemiological Status and Economic Impact of Lumpy Skin Disease-Review","volume":"8","author":"T Degu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Rec Biotech"},{"key":"pone.0358559.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238771","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1238771","article-title":"Epidemiological and economic consequences of lumpy skin disease outbreaks on farm households in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","volume":"10","author":"SE Saqib","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"pone.0358559.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065894","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1065894","article-title":"Understanding the research advances on lumpy skin disease: A comprehensive literature review of experimental evidence","volume":"13","author":"Z Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0358559.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2020.104887","article-title":"Modeling the lumpy skin disease risk probability in central Zagros Mountains of Iran","volume":"176","author":"EG Ardestani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prev Vet Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0358559.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13253","article-title":"Mapping changes in the spatiotemporal distribution of lumpy skin disease virus","volume":"66","author":"G Machado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0358559.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810000506","article-title":"Risk factors associated with observed clinical lumpy skin disease in Ethiopia","volume":"138","author":"G Gari","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"pone.0358559.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2021.105785","article-title":"Lumpy skin disease is expanding its geographic range: A challenge for Asian livestock management and food security","volume":"279","author":"S Azeem","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"pone.0358559.ref016","first-page":"8","article-title":"Review on epidemiology and economic importance of lumpy skin disease","volume":"4","author":"Z Abera","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Basic Appl Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358559.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1865-1682.2011.01242.x","article-title":"Review: lumpy skin disease: an emerging threat to Europe, the Middle East and Asia","volume":"59","author":"ESM Tuppurainen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0358559.ref018","article-title":"Incidence of lumpy skin disease among Egyptian cattle in Giza Governorate, Egypt","volume":"4","author":"FA Salib","year":"2011","journal-title":"Veterinary World"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0358559.ref019","first-page":"37","article-title":"Lumpy skin disease of cattle: a growing problem in Africa and the Near East","volume":"68","author":"FG Davies","year":"1991","journal-title":"World Animal Review"},{"key":"pone.0358559.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.47278\/journal.abr\/2022.015","article-title":"Lumpy skin disease: a threat to the livestock industry-a review","volume":"9","author":"A Khan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agrobiol Rec"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0358559.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme.35.2.173","article-title":"The cooperative University of Iowa\/Iowa State University MPH program","volume":"35","author":"DA Bickett-Weddle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Medical Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0358559.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1865-1682.2009.01067.x","article-title":"Detection of antibodies against capripoxviruses using an inactivated sheeppox virus ELISA","volume":"56","author":"S Babiuk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0358559.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14599","article-title":"The changing epidemiology of lumpy skin disease in Russia since the first introduction from 2015 to 2020","volume":"69","author":"O Byadovskaya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"pone.0358559.ref024","volume-title":"Introduction and spread of lumpy skin disease in South, East and Southeast Asia: Qualitative risk assessment and management","author":"X Roche","year":"2021"},{"issue":"06","key":"pone.0358559.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.53350\/pjmhs22166824","article-title":"Lumpy Skin Disease: An Insights in Pakistan","volume":"16","author":"M Jamil","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences"},{"key":"pone.0358559.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manzoor S, et al. Molecular characterization of lumpy skin disease virus from recent outbreaks in Pakistan. 2023.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2442524\/v1"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358559.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0315532","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic insights of lumpy skin disease in cattle from diverse agro-ecological regions of Punjab, Pakistan","volume":"20","author":"MH Jabbar","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0358559.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-025-04557-7","article-title":"Epidemiology of Lumpy Skin Disease virus in large ruminants of Potohar region, Pakistan","volume":"57","author":"G Khadim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0358559.ref029","article-title":"Lumpy skin disease emergence in Pakistan, a new challenge to the livestock industry","volume":"23","author":"SH Shah","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Vet Sci"},{"key":"pone.0358559.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1904208\/v1","volume-title":"Lumpy skin disease emerging problem in Pakistan","author":"M Imran","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358559.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-013-0483-3","article-title":"Lumpy skin disease of cattle: an emerging problem in the Sultanate of Oman","volume":"46","author":"MH Tageldin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0358559.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10110643","article-title":"Unveiling oxidative stress-induced genotoxicity and its alleviation through selenium and vitamin e therapy in naturally infected cattle with lumpy skin disease","volume":"10","author":"W Ahmad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Veterinary Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358559.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11010113","article-title":"Insights into the Prognostic Role of Serum Interleukin-6 and Hematobiochemical Alterations in Cattle during Recent Outbreaks of Lumpy Skin Disease in Lodhran District, Pakistan","volume":"11","author":"W Ahmad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0358559.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15244\/pjoes\/187116","article-title":"Technical efficiency, economic sustainability, and environmental implications of dairy farms in Pakistan","volume":"34","author":"A Razzaq","year":"2025","journal-title":"Polish Journal of Environmental Studies"},{"key":"pone.0358559.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.54219\/fmb.02..2024.160","article-title":"Lumpy Skin Disease: A Global Threat to Livestock Health and Economy","volume":"2","author":"T Asghar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology and Biotechnology"},{"key":"pone.0358559.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2015.04.008","article-title":"Capripox disease in Ethiopia: Genetic differences between field isolates and vaccine strain, and implications for vaccination failure","volume":"119","author":"E Gelaye","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358559.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14010066","article-title":"Molecular Characterization, Oxidative Stress-Mediated Genotoxicity, and Hemato-Biochemical Changes in Domestic Water Buffaloes Naturally Infected with Trypanosoma evansi Under Field Conditions","volume":"14","author":"W Ahmad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0358559.ref038","first-page":"3397","article-title":"Epidemiological investigation of lumpy skin disease outbreaks in Bangladeshi cattle during 2019\u20132020","volume":"69","author":"MA Uddin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0358559.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.5455\/jabet.2021.d133","article-title":"An updated review on lumpy skin disease: a perspective of Southeast Asian countries","volume":"4","author":"M Das","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Adv Biotechnol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0358559.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2019.1826-1832","article-title":"Molecular and histopathological confirmation of clinically diagnosed lumpy skin disease in cattle, Baghdad Province of Iraq","volume":"12","author":"HAJ Gharban","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet World"},{"key":"pone.0358559.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hasib FMY, et al. Lumpy skin disease outbreak in cattle population of Chattogram, Bangladesh. 2021;7(5):1616\u201324.","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.524"},{"key":"pone.0358559.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ochwo S, et al. Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of lumpy skin disease virus from outbreaks in Uganda 2017\u20132018. 2020;16(1):66.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02288-5"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0358559.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14322","article-title":"Genetic and phylogenetic analysis of lumpy skin disease viruses (LSDV) isolated from the first and subsequent field outbreaks in India during 2019 reveals close proximity with unique signatures of historical Kenyan NI-2490\/Kenya\/KSGP-like field strains","volume":"69","author":"SB Sudhakar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0358559.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.3390\/v14112529","article-title":"Clinical Epidemiology, Pathology, and Molecular Investigation of Lumpy Skin Disease Outbreaks in Bangladesh during 2020-2021 Indicate the Re-Emergence of an Old African Strain","volume":"14","author":"R Parvin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0358559.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10030539","article-title":"Molecular Characterization of the 2020 Outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease in Nepal","volume":"10","author":"P Koirala","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0358559.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3405","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14697","article-title":"Epidemiology and economic impact of lumpy skin disease of cattle in Mymensingh and Gaibandha districts of Bangladesh","volume":"69","author":"CS Chouhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0358559.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.3390\/v15081622","article-title":"Lumpy Skin Disease: A Systematic Review of Mode of Transmission, Risk of Emergence and Risk Entry Pathway","volume":"15","author":"J Bianchini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"pone.0358559.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nesterov A, et al. Experimentally controlled study indicates that the naturally occurring recombinant vaccine-like lumpy skin disease strain Udmurtiya\/2019, detected during freezing winter in northern latitudes, is transmitted via indirect contact. 2022;9:1001426.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.1001426"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0358559.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.3390\/v15030604","article-title":"An Extensive Examination of the Warning Signs, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Available Therapies, and Prognosis for Lumpy Skin Disease","volume":"15","author":"B Datten","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358559.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-1983-9","article-title":"Seroprevalence and risk factors for lumpy skin disease virus seropositivity in cattle in Uganda","volume":"15","author":"S Ochwo","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"issue":"03","key":"pone.0358559.ref051","first-page":"11","article-title":"A cross-sectional study of lumpy skin disease and knowledge of livestock farmers regarding the disease in Istalif District of Kabul, Afghanistan","volume":"2","author":"M Sangary","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Biol"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0358559","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:25:55Z","timestamp":1792171555000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0358559"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Pierre","family":"Roques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CEA","place":["FRANCE"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0358559","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]}}}