{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:57:56Z","timestamp":1790791076605,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Geographic atrophy (GA), an advanced form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), leads to legal blindness in approximately 16% of affected individuals within 6 years. Numerous trials have evaluated interventions to slow GA progression, and many studies are ongoing. However, the comparative benefits and harms of treatments within this rapidly evolving therapeutic landscape have not yet been systematically synthesized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To present a protocol for a living systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) addressing the effects of available interventions for the management of GA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We systematically searched Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception for randomized controlled trials comparing any pharmacologic or non-pharmacologic treatment versus another, placebo, sham, or standard care in adults with unilateral or bilateral GA secondary to AMD. Paired reviewers will independently screen studies, extract data, and assess risk of bias. Outcomes of interest include best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), untransformed and square root-transformed total GA lesion area, vision-related quality of life, low luminance BCVA, reading speed, mean macular sensitivity, adverse events leading to discontinuation, macular neovascularization, need for rescue treatment, ischemic optic neuropathy, serious ocular adverse events, and serious non-ocular adverse events. For each outcome, if feasible, we will conduct frequentist random-effects NMAs. We will assess the certainty of evidence and interpret findings using the GRADE approach. To maintain this review as a living systematic review, we will conduct updates every six months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review will provide a comprehensive, trustworthy, and up-to-date summary of evidence on treatments for GA secondary to AMD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n                    <jats:title>Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Open Science Framework (\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17605\/OSF.IO\/W4JHR\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17605\/OSF.IO\/W4JHR<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0358699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:27:26Z","timestamp":1790789246000},"page":"e0358699","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["OphthoEvidence Report: Comparative effects of treatments for geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration: A protocol for a living systematic review and network meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Ghadimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University","place":["Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"],"department":["Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery"]},{"name":"Thomas Kevill Advanced Vitreoretinal Imaging (AVI) Lab, St Joseph\u2019s Healthcare","place":["Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Housne","family":"Begum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University","place":["Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"],"department":["Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery"]},{"name":"Thomas Kevill Advanced Vitreoretinal Imaging (AVI) Lab, St Joseph\u2019s Healthcare","place":["Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dena","family":"Zeraatkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University","place":["Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"],"department":["Department of Health Research Methods"]},{"name":"McMaster University","place":["Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"],"department":["Department of Anesthesia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8033-1699","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jinhui","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University","place":["Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"],"department":["Department of Health Research Methods"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8952-0659","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sobha","family":"Sivaprasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology","place":["London, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2815-5031","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Enrico","family":"Borrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Turin","place":["Turin, Italy"],"department":["Department of Surgical Sciences"]},{"name":"\u201cCity of Health and Science\u201d Hospital","place":["Turin, Italy"],"department":["Department of Ophthalmology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Euclid Avenue","place":["Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Steel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunderland Eye Infirmary, National Health Service","place":["Sunderland, United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University","place":["Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tien Yin","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre","place":["Singapore, Singapore"]},{"name":"Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn","family":"Guymer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, The University of Melbourne","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7756-5091","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Charles C.","family":"Wykoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Retina Consultants of Texas, Retina Consultants of America, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital","place":["Houston, Texas, United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9988-4146","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Varun","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University","place":["Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"],"department":["Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery"]},{"name":"Thomas Kevill Advanced Vitreoretinal Imaging (AVI) Lab, St Joseph\u2019s Healthcare","place":["Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"]},{"name":"Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University","place":["Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"],"department":["Department of Health Research Methods"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0358699.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30393-5","article-title":"Global causes of blindness and distance vision impairment 1990-2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"SR Flaxman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"10153","key":"pone.0358699.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31550-2","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration","volume":"392","author":"P Mitchell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0358699.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.11.023","article-title":"Geographic atrophy: clinical features and potential therapeutic approaches","volume":"121","author":"FG Holz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0358699.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4982","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-3639","article-title":"Relationship between RPE and choriocapillaris in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"50","author":"DS McLeod","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0358699.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.08.038","article-title":"The Progression of Geographic Atrophy Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"125","author":"M Fleckenstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0358699.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.11.036","article-title":"Characterizing Disease Burden and Progression of Geographic Atrophy Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"125","author":"U Chakravarthy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0358699.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011504","article-title":"How does age-related macular degeneration affect real-world visual ability and quality of life? A systematic review","volume":"6","author":"DJ Taylor","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0358699.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.04.026","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in age-related macular degeneration and geographic atrophy","volume":"119","author":"SJ Woo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"10411","key":"pone.0358699.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01520-9","article-title":"Pegcetacoplan for the treatment of geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration (OAKS and DERBY): two multicentre, randomised, double-masked, sham-controlled, phase 3 trials","volume":"402","author":"JS Heier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0358699.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.08.027","article-title":"C5 Inhibitor Avacincaptad Pegol for Geographic Atrophy Due to Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Randomized Pivotal Phase 2\/3 Trial","volume":"128","author":"GJ Jaffe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"10411","key":"pone.0358699.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01583-0","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of avacincaptad pegol in patients with geographic atrophy (GATHER2): 12-month results from a randomised, double-masked, phase 3 trial","volume":"402","author":"AM Khanani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0358699.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14294","article-title":"Treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration: A review","volume":"51","author":"S Girgis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10092","key":"pone.0358699.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31592-6","article-title":"Progress in evidence-based medicine: a quarter century on","volume":"390","author":"B Djulbegovic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0358699.ref014","article-title":"Complement inhibitors for age-related macular degeneration","volume":"6","author":"N Tzoumas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0358699.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2023.11.008","article-title":"The effect of complement C3 or C5 inhibition on geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration: A living systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"69","author":"A Garg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0358699.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410172","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1410172","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of complement inhibitors in patients with geographic atrophy associated with age-related macular degeneration: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"15","author":"H Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0358699.ref017","article-title":"Visual cycle modulators versus placebo or observation for the prevention and treatment of geographic atrophy due to age-related macular degeneration","volume":"12","author":"JL Yeong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358699.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement","volume":"4","author":"D Moher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"pone.0358699.ref019","article-title":"OphthoEvidence Report: Comparative effects of treatments for geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration: a protocol for a living systematic review and network meta-analysis","author":"M Ghadimi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Open Science Framework"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0358699.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2385","article-title":"The PRISMA extension statement for reporting of systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses of health care interventions: checklist and explanations","volume":"162","author":"B Hutton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"pone.0358699.ref021","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"pone.0358699.ref022","article-title":"Chapter 23: Including variants on randomized trials [last updated October 2019].","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.5","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2024"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0358699.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1563","article-title":"Citationchaser: A tool for transparent and efficient forward and backward citation chasing in systematic searching","volume":"13","author":"NR Haddaway","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"pone.0358699.ref024","volume-title":"Covidence systematic review software, Veritas Health Innovation"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0358699.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.119.7.1050","article-title":"Development of the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire","volume":"119","author":"CM Mangione","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"pone.0358699.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2024-081199","article-title":"Development of ROBUST-RCT: Risk Of Bias instrument for Use in SysTematic reviews-for Randomised Controlled Trials","volume":"388","author":"Y Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"pone.0358699.ref027","article-title":"Chapter 6: Choosing effect measures and computing estimates of effect [last updated August 2023]","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.5","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2024"},{"key":"pone.0358699.ref028","article-title":"Chapter 10: Chapter 10: Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses [last updated November 2024]","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.5","author":"JJ Deeks","year":"2024"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0358699.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181d87e04","article-title":"Novel method for analyzing snellen visual acuity measurements","volume":"30","author":"NZ Gregori","year":"2010","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0358699.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X1501500403","article-title":"Network Meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"IR White","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358699.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1316","article-title":"A comparison of heterogeneity variance estimators in simulated random-effects meta-analyses","volume":"10","author":"D Langan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0358699.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1044","article-title":"Consistency and inconsistency in network meta-analysis: concepts and models for multi-arm studies","volume":"3","author":"JPT Higgins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"pone.0358699.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3767","article-title":"Checking consistency in mixed treatment comparison meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"S Dias","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0358699.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1045","article-title":"Consistency and inconsistency in network meta-analysis: model estimation using multivariate meta-regression","volume":"3","author":"IR White","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"issue":"32","key":"pone.0358699.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.200077","article-title":"Development of the Instrument to assess the Credibility of Effect Modification Analyses (ICEMAN) in randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses","volume":"192","author":"S Schandelmaier","year":"2020","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0358699.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.03.017","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 7. Rating the quality of evidence--inconsistency","volume":"64","author":"GH Guyatt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0358699.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.03.003","article-title":"GRADE guidance 36: updates to GRADE\u2019s approach to addressing inconsistency","volume":"158","author":"G Guyatt","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0358699.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2018.11.025","article-title":"GRADE approach to rate the certainty from a network meta-analysis: addressing incoherence","volume":"108","author":"R Brignardello-Petersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0358699.ref039","article-title":"Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials","volume":"343","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"7109","key":"pone.0358699.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"M Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"pone.0358699.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g5630","article-title":"A GRADE Working Group approach for rating the quality of treatment effect estimates from network meta-analysis","volume":"349","author":"MA Puhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"pone.0358699.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.10.005","article-title":"Advances in the GRADE approach to rate the certainty in estimates from a network meta-analysis","volume":"93","author":"R Brignardello-Petersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0358699.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.03.026","article-title":"GRADE guidelines 32: GRADE offers guidance on choosing targets of GRADE certainty of evidence ratings","volume":"137","author":"L Zeng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0358699.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.017","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 4. Rating the quality of evidence--study limitations (risk of bias)","volume":"64","author":"GH Guyatt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0358699.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.04.014","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 8. Rating the quality of evidence--indirectness","volume":"64","author":"GH Guyatt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0358699.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.01.011","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 5. Rating the quality of evidence--publication bias","volume":"64","author":"GH Guyatt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0358699.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.06.010","article-title":"Grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation concept article 5: addressing intransitivity in a network meta-analysis","volume":"160","author":"R Brignardello-Petersen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0358699.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.07.011","article-title":"GRADE guidelines 33: Addressing imprecision in a network meta-analysis","volume":"139","author":"R Brignardello-Petersen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0358699.ref049","article-title":"GRADE approach to drawing conclusions from a network meta-analysis using a minimally contextualised framework","volume":"371","author":"R Brignardello-Petersen","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"pone.0358699.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.08.010","article-title":"Living systematic review: 1. Introduction-the why, what, when, and how","volume":"91","author":"JH Elliott","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0358699.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjebm-2022-112100","article-title":"Proposed triggers for retiring a living systematic review","volume":"28","author":"MH Murad","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Evid Based Med"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0358699","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:27:36Z","timestamp":1790789256000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0358699"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Inoue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yokohama City University","place":["JAPAN"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0358699","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]}}}