{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:49:27Z","timestamp":1792788567287,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Council of Thailand","award":["N41A640214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N41A640214"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/018wfhg78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03e2qe334","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Hemipyrellia ligurriens<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a tropical blow fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) of medical and forensic importance; however, the molecular composition of its larvae remains poorly characterized. Here, we provide the first integrative proteomic and lipidomic dataset describing the molecular composition of\n                    <jats:italic>H. ligurriens<\/jats:italic>\n                    larvae and comparing whole-body extracts (WE) with excretory-secretory (ES) products. Label-free LC-MS\/MS analysis identified 9,444 proteins in WE and 10,977 proteins in ES products, revealing 7,896 shared proteins together with 1,548 WE-specific and 3,081 ES-specific proteins. The proportion of ES-specific proteins was significantly higher than that of WE-specific proteins (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), highlighting pronounced compartment-specific molecular diversity. Among proteins with molecular weights below 20 kDa, several putative antimicrobial peptides and immune-associated proteins were detected, including defensin-like, diptericin-like, and attacin-like sequences, as well as lysozyme isoforms, serine proteases, and oxidative stress-related enzymes. Lipidomic profiling of WE by GC-MS identified 26 fatty acids, comprising both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Functional assays demonstrated selective but moderate antibacterial activity: WE inhibited\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    , whereas ES products inhibited only\n                    <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MIC\u2009&gt;\u2009400 \u03bcg\/ml), and no antifungal activity was detected under the tested conditions. Cytocompatibility assays in HaCaT keratinocytes showed no cytotoxic effects of WE across tested concentrations and increased MTT-based metabolic activity after 24 h exposure, whereas ES products slightly reduced cell viability at the highest concentration tested (100 \u03bcg\/ml). These findings support compartment-specific molecular organization between larval tissues and secretions, expand the molecular resources available for tropical calliphorid flies, and provide a foundation for future purification, functional validation, and biomedical investigations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0358738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T17:21:47Z","timestamp":1790097707000},"page":"e0358738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Proteomic and lipidomic characterization of Hemipyrellia ligurriens larval extracts using LC-MS\/MS and GC-MS: Identification of putative antimicrobial molecules and preliminary functional assessment"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Pluemkamon","family":"Phuwanatsarunya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Naresuan University","place":["Phitsanulok, Thailand"],"department":["Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9660-6714","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sophit","family":"Khanthawong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naresuan University","place":["Phitsanulok, Thailand"],"department":["Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Worasak","family":"Kaewkong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naresuan University","place":["Phitsanulok, Thailand"],"department":["Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2604-0281","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tongjit","family":"Thanchomnang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mahasarakham University","place":["Maha Sarakham, Thailand"],"department":["Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science Research Unit"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaturong","family":"Inpad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naresuan University","place":["Phitsanulok, Thailand"],"department":["Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudarat","family":"Onsurathum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naresuan University","place":["Phitsanulok, Thailand"],"department":["Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rapee","family":"Thummeepak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naresuan University","place":["Phitsanulok, Thailand"],"department":["Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ketsarin","family":"Thipphet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naresuan University","place":["Phitsanulok, Thailand"],"department":["Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kabkaew L.","family":"Sukontason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chiang Mai University","place":["Chiang Mai, Thailand"],"department":["Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5814-3379","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tomomitsu","family":"Satho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukuoka University","place":["Fukuoka, Japan"],"department":["Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3792-1638","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nophawan","family":"Bunchu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naresuan University","place":["Phitsanulok, Thailand"],"department":["Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0358738.ref001","volume-title":"Entomology and the Law: Flies as Forensic Indicators","author":"B Greenberg","year":"2002"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0358738.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6976.12025","article-title":"The gut microbiota of insects - 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