{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:02:00Z","timestamp":1790359320004,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In indoor light environment design, the dynamic interaction between human behavior and lighting systems has an important impact on environmental perception results. However, existing methods are difficult to describe its spatial structure and temporal evolution characteristics at the same time. To this end, this paper constructs a human-light spatio-temporal relationship modeling method based on graph attention spatio-temporal graph neural network, which uniformly represents human body nodes and lamp nodes as spatio-temporal graph structures, and introduces heterogeneous graph attention and adaptive temporal attention mechanisms for joint modeling. The study conducted experimental verification on real indoor scene data for 7 consecutive days and a total of 302,400 time steps. The results show that the proposed model achieves MAE of 0.096\u2009\u00b1\u20090.010, MSE of 0.017\u2009\u00b1\u20090.004, RMSE of 0.130\u2009\u00b1\u20090.015, and R\u00b2 of 0.943\u2009\u00b1\u20090.018 in the environment perception prediction task, which is significantly better than various comparison models. At the same time, the environmental perception results show stable and continuous evolution characteristics in the space and time dimensions. Research shows that modeling of human-light spatiotemporal relationships based on graph attention can effectively improve the accuracy and interpretability of indoor light environment perception, and provides important methodological support for intelligent light environment design and human factor-driven control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0358774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:40:26Z","timestamp":1790358026000},"page":"e0358774","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Graph attention spatio-temporal graph neural network based human\u2013light interaction modeling for indoor lighting environments"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ting","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Art and Media Design, NanChang Institute of Science and Technology","place":["NanChang, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3025-2371","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lingling","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Art and Media Design, NanChang Institute of Science and Technology","place":["NanChang, Jiangxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358774.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.15627\/jd.2025.3","article-title":"Optimisation of indoor spatial and temporal aspects of deep architectural studio on visual comfort","volume":"12","author":"RA Achsani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Daylighting"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0358774.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings14040936","article-title":"A field study of individual, energy-efficient, and human-centered indoor electric lighting: its impact on comfort and visual performance in an open-plan office part 1","volume":"14","author":"S Aliparast","year":"2024","journal-title":"Buildings"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0358774.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3724\/j.fjyl.202310160466","article-title":"Evaluation on visual perception of urban street environment from the perspective of being friendly to nighttime running","volume":"31","author":"C Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Landscape Arch"},{"issue":"13","key":"pone.0358774.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings15132184","article-title":"Multidimensional human responses under dynamic spectra of daylighting and electric lighting","volume":"15","author":"Y Dong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Buildings"},{"issue":"16","key":"pone.0358774.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7219","DOI":"10.3390\/su16167219","article-title":"New perspectives on lighting","volume":"16","author":"LT Doulos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"pone.0358774.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1109\/MIAS.2024.3488369","article-title":"Impact of lighting on humans and the biotope: physics, measurement systems, and influences","volume":"31","author":"P Dupuis","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Industry Appl Mag"},{"key":"pone.0358774.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545712","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2025.1545712","article-title":"An approach for unsupervised interaction clustering in human-robot co-work using spatiotemporal graph convolutional networks","volume":"12","author":"A Heuermann","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Robot AI"},{"key":"pone.0358774.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2025.112963","article-title":"Graph-based spatial\u2013temporal prediction and feature interaction analysis of CO2 and occupant in large indoor space","volume":"280","author":"C Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Building and Environ"},{"key":"pone.0358774.ref009","first-page":"122","article-title":"Indoor heat estimation from a single visible-light panorama.","author":"G Ji","year":"2025","journal-title":"International symposium on visual computing."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0358774.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3992\/jgb.18.4.99","article-title":"A study on the evaluation methods of indoor light environment for occupant comfort and well-being","volume":"18","author":"KR Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Green Build"},{"key":"pone.0358774.ref011","author":"Y Li","year":"2023"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0358774.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3595921","article-title":"Spatiotemporally consistent HDR indoor lighting estimation","volume":"42","author":"Z Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACM Trans Graph"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0358774.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.54097\/fm0yp228","article-title":"Design and research of lighting system for high-end office environment based on big data analysis","volume":"15","author":"Y Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acad J Sci Tch"},{"key":"pone.0358774.ref014","first-page":"100771","article-title":"Spatio-temporal graph neural networks for human\u2013AI collaborative decision-making","volume":"22","author":"I Mateos-Aparicio-Ruiz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mach Learn Appl"},{"issue":"804","key":"pone.0358774.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3130\/aije.88.89","article-title":"Comprehensive evaluation of impression of living-dining room lighting based on perception of spatial distribution of light","volume":"88","author":"Y Miki","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Environ Eng (Transac AIJ)"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0358774.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3691","DOI":"10.3390\/su16093691","article-title":"Investigating the impact of combined daylight and electric light on human perception of indoor spaces","volume":"16","author":"N Nikookar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"pone.0358774.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.displa.2024.102662","article-title":"Prediction model for indoor light environment brightness based on image metrics","volume":"82","author":"C Ruan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Displays"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358774.ref018","article-title":"Spatial intelligent design and innovation for indoor environment - visualization and analysis of Web3D technology","volume":"9","author":"L Sui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl Math Nonlinear Sci"},{"key":"pone.0358774.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang J, Xia L, Huang C. Explainable spatio-temporal graph neural networks. In: Proceedings of the 32nd ACM International conference on information and knowledge management. 2023; 2432\u201341. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1145\/3583780.3614871","DOI":"10.1145\/3583780.3614871"},{"key":"pone.0358774.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tew HH, Ding F, Li G, Loo JY, Ting C-M, Ding ZY, et al. ST-HCSS: deep spatio-temporal hypergraph convolutional neural network for soft sensing. In: ICASSP 2025 - 2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 2025. 1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/icassp49660.2025.10890078","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP49660.2025.10890078"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0358774.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3323","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings14103323","article-title":"Differentiated impacts of indoor and outdoor fitness environments on residents\u2019 activity intensity: a perspective on homo urbanicus","volume":"14","author":"W Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Buildings"},{"key":"pone.0358774.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2023.110545","article-title":"Indoor environment perception of people with autism spectrum condition: a scoping review","volume":"243","author":"L Zaniboni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Building Environ"},{"key":"pone.0358774.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2023.110600","article-title":"Graph neural network-based spatio-temporal indoor environment prediction and optimal control for central air-conditioning systems","volume":"242","author":"J Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Build Environ"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0358774.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.62617\/mcb434","article-title":"Exploring the influence of body movements on spatial perception in landscape and interior design","volume":"21","author":"P Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biomech"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0358774.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics12051259","article-title":"Detecting human falls in poor lighting: object detection and tracking approach for indoor safety","volume":"12","author":"X Zi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Electronics"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0358774","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:40:33Z","timestamp":1790358033000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0358774"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Sefki","family":"Kolozali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Essex Faculty of Science and Engineering","place":["UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0358774","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]}}}