{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:01:21Z","timestamp":1790359281175,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Self-regulated learning is essential for nursing students to navigate complex clinical environments and achieve academic and professional success. This study aimed to validate the Persian version of the Self-Regulated Learning Scale for Clinical Nursing Practice (SRLS-CNP-P) among Iranian nursing students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A methodological study was conducted using stratified random sampling, involving 360 undergraduate nursing students from Guilan University of Medical Sciences in Iran, following COSMIN guidelines. The scale underwent forward-backward translation, and its psychometric properties were evaluated through several methods: face and content validity, construct validity, and convergent and discriminant validity. Additionally, the reliability of the scale was assessed through measures of internal consistency and test-retest reliability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The SRLS-CNP-P demonstrated strong face and content validity (I-CVI\u2009=\u20090.8\u20131.0;\n                      <jats:inline-formula id=\"pone.0358790.e001\">\n                        <jats:alternatives>\n                          <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" id=\"pone.0358790.e001g\" mimetype=\"image\" position=\"anchor\" xlink:href=\"info:doi\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0358790.e001\" xlink:type=\"simple\"\/>\n                          <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\" id=\"M1\">\n                            <mml:mrow>\n                              <mml:msup>\n                                <mml:mrow>\n                                  <mml:mrow>\n                                    <mml:mi>K<\/mml:mi>\n                                  <\/mml:mrow>\n                                <\/mml:mrow>\n                                <mml:mrow>\n                                  <mml:mo>*<\/mml:mo>\n                                <\/mml:mrow>\n                              <\/mml:msup>\n                            <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <\/mml:math>\n                        <\/jats:alternatives>\n                      <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                      = 0.79\u20131.0). EFA revealed a five-factor structure explaining 81.49% of the total variance, which CFA confirmed with excellent fit indices. Convergent validity was supported (CR\u2009=\u20090.828\u20130.913; AVE\u2009=\u20090.548\u20130.839), and discriminant validity was established (HTMT\u2009&lt;\u20090.85). Reliability was robust, with Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1\u2009=\u20090.723\u20130.911, McDonald\u2019s\n                      <jats:inline-formula id=\"pone.0358790.e002\">\n                        <jats:alternatives>\n                          <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" id=\"pone.0358790.e002g\" mimetype=\"image\" position=\"anchor\" xlink:href=\"info:doi\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0358790.e002\" xlink:type=\"simple\"\/>\n                          <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\" id=\"M2\">\n                            <mml:mrow>\n                              <mml:msub>\n                                <mml:mrow>\n                                  <mml:mi>\u03c9<\/mml:mi>\n                                <\/mml:mrow>\n                                <mml:mrow>\n                                  <mml:mtext>t<\/mml:mtext>\n                                <\/mml:mrow>\n                              <\/mml:msub>\n                            <\/mml:mrow>\n                          <\/mml:math>\n                        <\/jats:alternatives>\n                      <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                      = 0.731\u20130.920, and ICC\u2009=\u20090.783\u20130.872 for test-retest reliability.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The SRLS-CNP-P demonstrated strong psychometric properties among undergraduate nursing students at the participating institution, providing preliminary evidence for its use in this population. Future research is needed to confirm its applicability across other Persian-speaking nursing student populations. It may help educators evaluate and enhance students\u2019 clinical learning strategies, supporting academic and professional development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0358790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:38:02Z","timestamp":1790357882000},"page":"e0358790","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the self-regulated learning scale in clinical nursing practice for nursing students: A methodological study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Bazzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Golestan University of Medical Sciences","place":["Aliabad-e katul, Iran"],"department":["Phd in nursing, Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), Baqiyatallah al-Azam Hospital"]},{"name":"Golestan University of Medical Sciences","place":["Gonbad Kavous, Iran"],"department":["Department of Nursing, Gonbad Kavous School of Nursing"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Dizaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ardabil University of Medical Sciences","place":["Ardabil, Iran"],"department":["Students Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery"]},{"name":"Ardabil University of Medical Sciences","place":["Ardabil, Iran"],"department":["Department of Emergency Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Mozaffari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guilan University of Medical Sciences","place":["Rasht, Iran"],"department":["Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8016-8625","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Reza","family":"Nemati-Vakilabad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ardabil University of Medical Sciences","place":["Ardabil, Iran"],"department":["Department of Emergency Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358790.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.30722\/IJISME.29.01.005","article-title":"Self-regulated learning in undergraduate science","volume":"29","author":"N Higgins","year":"2021","journal-title":"IJISME"},{"key":"pone.0358790.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.2147\/AMEP.S300457","article-title":"Stress and coping strategies among Malawian undergraduate nursing students","volume":"12","author":"MA Baluwa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Med Educ Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0358790.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/jjns.12191","article-title":"Development of the self-regulated learning scale in clinical nursing practice for nursing students: Consideration of its reliability and validity","volume":"15","author":"S Iyama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Jpn J Nurs Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358790.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-025-02836-0","article-title":"The relationship between the academic self-efficacy and perceived stressors among nursing students in clinical settings: A cross-sectional study","volume":"24","author":"E Ozsaker","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358790.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-024-02263-7","article-title":"Psychometrics assessment of clinical reasoning competency scale in nurses of critical care units","volume":"23","author":"F Mohammadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358790.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-024-01893-1","article-title":"The mediating role of learning motivation in the relationship among perceived stress and emotional regulation among Saudi nursing students in clinical practice","volume":"23","author":"BS Albagawi","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358790.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-024-06083-w","article-title":"Exploring self-directed learning readiness and related factors: The role of time management skills in nursing students","volume":"24","author":"N Sadeghi","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"key":"pone.0358790.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9531.151867","article-title":"Learning theories application in nursing education","volume":"4","author":"F Aliakbari","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Educ Health Promot"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0358790.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1207\/s15430421tip4102_2","article-title":"Becoming a self-regulated learner: An overview","volume":"41","author":"BJ Zimmerman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Theory Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0358790.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-004-0006-x","article-title":"A conceptual framework for assessing motivation and self-regulated learning in college students","volume":"16","author":"PR Pintrich","year":"2004","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Rev"},{"key":"pone.0358790.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00422","article-title":"A review of self-regulated learning: Six models and four directions for research","volume":"8","author":"E Panadero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0358790.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203839010","volume-title":"Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance","author":"DH Schunk","year":"2011"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0358790.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1111\/nhs.12968","article-title":"Nursing students\u2019 motivational and self-regulated learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study","volume":"24","author":"S Cho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nurs Health Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358790.ref014","first-page":"39","article-title":"Education of nursing profession amid COVID-19 Pandemic: A qualitative study","volume":"10","author":"M Tolyat","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Adv Med Educ Prof"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358790.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-022-01029-3","article-title":"Clinical nursing education during the COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives of students and clinical educators","volume":"21","author":"O Kaveh","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358790.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e41559","article-title":"Impact of ChatGPT usage on nursing students education: A cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"A Gonzalez-Garcia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"pone.0358790.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-22270-2.00018-6","article-title":"Nursing in the digital age: The importance of health technology and its advancement in nursing and healthcare.","author":"S Jonathan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Digital technology in public health and rehabilitation care. Elsevier"},{"key":"pone.0358790.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2024.100279","article-title":"Daily routines, short-term priorities, and nurses\u2019 role hamper self-management support in a hospital setting: A mixed methods study","volume":"8","author":"S van Hooft","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud Adv"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0358790.ref019","first-page":"3830","article-title":"Self-regulated learning in nursing: A study from a health education course","volume":"14","author":"A Ke\u00e7eci","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hum Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0358790.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.3109\/0142159X.2011.595434","article-title":"Self-regulation theory: Applications to medical education: AMEE Guide No. 58","volume":"33","author":"J Sandars","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Teach"},{"key":"pone.0358790.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2021.105242","article-title":"Examining self-regulated learning of nursing students in clinical practice: A descriptive and cross-sectional study","volume":"109","author":"E Kurt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0358790.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.3390\/nursrep11020035","article-title":"Self-regulation for and of learning: Student insights for online success in a Bachelor of nursing program in regional Australia","volume":"11","author":"B Peck","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nurs Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0358790.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e21321","article-title":"The interplay between self-regulation, learning flow, academic stress and learning engagement as predictors for academic performance in a blended learning environment: A cross-sectional survey","volume":"9","author":"N Tomas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"15","key":"pone.0358790.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9058","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19159058","article-title":"Self-regulated learning strategies for nursing students: A pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"J An","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0358790.ref025","first-page":"1445","article-title":"COSMIN: Consensus-based standards for the selection of health status measurement instruments.","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research","author":"LB Mokkink","year":"2024"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0358790.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164413495237","article-title":"Sample size requirements for structural equation models: An evaluation of power, bias, and solution propriety","volume":"76","author":"EJ Wolf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Meas"},{"key":"pone.0358790.ref027","volume-title":"Principles and practice of structural equation modeling","author":"RB Kline","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358790.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1080\/08824096.2016.1214121","article-title":"Statistical and practical concerns with published communication research featuring structural equation modeling","volume":"34","author":"AK Goodboy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Commun Res Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0358790.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1080\/03610918.2021.1888122","article-title":"Construction of the average variance extracted index for construct validation in structural equation models with adaptive regressions","volume":"52","author":"PM dos Santos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun Stat - Simul Comput"},{"key":"pone.0358790.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-05542-8_15-2","article-title":"Partial least squares structural equation modeling.","volume-title":"Handbook of market research","author":"M Sarstedt","year":"2021"},{"key":"pone.0358790.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bornstein RF. Face validity in psychological assessment: Implications for a unified model of validity. 1996.","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.51.9.983"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0358790.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20147","article-title":"The content validity index: Are you sure you know what\u2019s being reported? Critique and recommendations","volume":"29","author":"DF Polit","year":"2006","journal-title":"Res Nurs Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0358790.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20199","article-title":"Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of content validity? Appraisal and recommendations","volume":"30","author":"DF Polit","year":"2007","journal-title":"Res Nurs Health"},{"key":"pone.0358790.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412984898","volume-title":"Making sense of factor analysis: The use of factor analysis for instrument development in health care research","author":"MA Pett","year":"2003"},{"key":"pone.0358790.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781032622156","volume-title":"IBM SPSS statistics 29 step by step: A simple guide and reference","author":"D George","year":"2024"},{"key":"pone.0358790.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203807644","volume-title":"Structural equation modeling with Mplus: Basic concepts, applications, and programming","author":"BM Byrne","year":"2013"},{"key":"pone.0358790.ref037","volume-title":"Mplus statistical analysis with latent variables: user\u2019s guide. Version","author":"L Muthen","year":"2017","edition":"8"},{"key":"pone.0358790.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Finney SJ, DiStefano C. Nonnormal and categorical data in structural equation modeling. 2013.","DOI":"10.1108\/978-1-62396-246-320251015"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0358790.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.9734\/ajeba\/2024\/v24i71430","article-title":"Fit indices in structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis: Reporting guidelines","volume":"24","author":"S S","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asian J Econ Busin Acc"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358790.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/002224378101800104","article-title":"Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error","volume":"18","author":"C Fornell","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Mark Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358790.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11747-014-0403-8","article-title":"A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling","volume":"43","author":"J Henseler","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Acad Mark Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358790.ref042","first-page":"100368","article-title":"Estimating reliability: A comparison of Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1, McDonald\u2019s \u03c9t and the greatest lower bound","volume":"7","author":"CP Malkewitz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Soc Sci Humanit Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0358790.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000144","article-title":"Thanks coefficient alpha, we\u2019ll take it from here","volume":"23","author":"D McNeish","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358790.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1080\/21501378.2021.1940118","article-title":"Alpha, omega, and H internal consistency reliability estimates: Reviewing these options and when to use them","volume":"14","author":"MT Kalkbrenner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Couns Outcome Res Eval"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0358790.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-012-0416-3","article-title":"The reliability of a two-item scale: Pearson, Cronbach, or Spearman-Brown?","volume":"58","author":"R Eisinga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0358790.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1007\/s11165-016-9602-2","article-title":"The use of Cronbach\u2019s alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science education","volume":"48","author":"KS Taber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res Sci Educ"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0358790.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","article-title":"A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research","volume":"15","author":"TK Koo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Chiropr Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0358790.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-010-9606-8","article-title":"The COSMIN checklist for assessing the methodological quality of studies on measurement properties of health status measurement instruments: an international Delphi study","volume":"19","author":"LB Mokkink","year":"2010","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"pone.0358790.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-5742-3_16","article-title":"Student motivation and self-regulated learning in the college classroom.","volume-title":"The scholarship of teaching and learning in higher education: An evidence-based perspective","author":"PR Pintrich","year":"2007"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0358790.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-0597.2005.00205.x","article-title":"Self\u2010regulation in the classroom: A perspective on assessment and intervention","volume":"54","author":"M Boekaerts","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0358790.ref051","volume-title":"Educating nurses: A call for radical transformation","author":"P Benner","year":"2009"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0358790.ref052","first-page":"42","article-title":"Self-regulation and ability predictors of academic success during college: A predictive validity study","volume":"20","author":"A Kitsantas","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Adv Acad"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0358790.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014240","article-title":"Early gender differences in self-regulation and academic achievement","volume":"101","author":"JS Matthews","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Educ Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0358790.ref054","volume-title":"Men studying to be nurses: An exploration of the lived experience of men in undergraduate nursing education","author":"R Hakami","year":"2020"},{"key":"pone.0358790.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.14744\/jern.2023.22533","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the self-regulated learning scale in clinical nursing practice","author":"A Baysan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Educ Res Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0358790.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1037\/h0046016","article-title":"Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix","volume":"56","author":"DT Campbell","year":"1959","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"pone.0358790.ref057","first-page":"95","volume-title":"Multivariate data analysis, vol. 4","author":"JF Hair","year":"2019","edition":"8"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0358790","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:38:14Z","timestamp":1790357894000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0358790"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"De-Chih","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dayeh University","place":["TAIWAN"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0358790","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]}}}