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Nevertheless, vibration suppression and energy harvesting often compete with each other due to using single-objective control methods and the tradeoff has limited the effectiveness of current systems. To reduce the tradeoff, the innovation of this paper is to propose a bi-objective control strategy in which vibration suppression and energy harvesting are optimized by two independent objective functions. Firstly, the state equation of the quarter-suspension SVSEH system is derived and nonlinear restoring force is linearized. Then the reduced-tradeoff control of the quarter-suspension SVSEH system is first equivalent to a bi-objective H2\u2212norm optimization subject to an H\u221e\u2212norm constraint. Next, the mixed H2\/H\u221e\u2009state feedback-based control method is presented in detail and a low-pass filter is adopted to ensure the \u201cstrictly proper\u201d condition of H2 control. In the end, a Simulink model is built and the results indicate that it achieves a 6.2% improvement in vibration reduction and a 17.9% increase in energy harvesting compared to existing method. It confirms the proposed method can greatly reduce the tradeoff between vibration suppression and energy harvesting. Consequently, this research can contribute to developing next-generation energy-regenerative suspensions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0358867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:36:26Z","timestamp":1790357786000},"page":"e0358867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bi-objective optimization of simultaneous vibration suppression and energy harvesting in suspension systems based on mixed H2\/H\u221e control"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7354-0006","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhongsheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering Science, Shandong Xiehe University","place":["Jinan, Shandong, China"]},{"name":"College of Transportation and Electrical Engineering, Hunan University of Technology","place":["Zhuzhou, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Transportation and Electrical Engineering, Hunan University of Technology","place":["Zhuzhou, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Transportation and Electrical Engineering, Hunan University of Technology","place":["Zhuzhou, Hunan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1531-3275","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guangbin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University","place":["Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0358867.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"022003","DOI":"10.1088\/2515-7655\/adb5c0","article-title":"Impact of vibrations on lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles: sources, degradation mechanisms, and testing standards","volume":"7","author":"U Awan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Phys Energy"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0358867.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8343","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.2996681","article-title":"Ride comfort optimization via speed planning and preview semi-active suspension control for autonomous vehicles on uneven roads","volume":"69","author":"J Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"key":"pone.0358867.ref003","author":"PS Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Design of electromagnetic shock absorbers for energy harvesting from vehicle suspensions. 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