{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:02:23Z","timestamp":1790359343374,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01DA063213"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01DA063213"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High levels of opioid use, early introduction of drug supply contaminants, and increasing polysubstance use have led to intersecting epidemics of HIV, HCV, and overdose among people who use drugs (PWUD) in New England. Prevention services (e.g., syringe service programs, HIV testing) have been available in parts of New England for decades, yet significant service delivery gaps exist outside of major metropolitan areas. Further, racially minoritized PWUD face heightened discrimination in service settings and may be reluctant to access services. Our five-year, prospective cohort study, \u201cResponding to the Increase in Substance Use, HIV, HCV, and Overdose in New England\u201d (RISE-NE), will systematically examine rapidly evolving HIV and substance use trends in New England with the ultimate goal of informing the equitable scale-up of evidence-based HIV prevention and treatment services for PWUD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We will recruit 1,200 PWUD across Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Vermont to participate in our cohort. Beginning at enrollment, participants will complete semiannual surveys asking about their substance use patterns, ability to access healthcare and social support services, and HIV, HCV, and overdose outcomes. Biospecimen collection (e.g., HIV\/HCV testing, oral fluid collection, and toxicology testing) will also occur semiannually. All aspects of the project will be guided by community leadership and a multilevel framework for HIV, HCV, and substance use outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using data from the RISE-NE cohort, we aim to: 1) examine regional transitions in substance use patterns and trajectories; 2) evaluate multilevel determinants of equitable access to and quality of services along the HIV, HCV, and overdose care continua; 3) evaluate the population-level causal effects of potential policy changes and interventions on our primary outcomes; and 4) rapidly address current and emerging research priorities. We discuss the anticipated strengths of this study as well as opportunities for training and dissemination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0358938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:46:25Z","timestamp":1790358385000},"page":"e0358938","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Responding to the increase in substance use, HIV, HCV, and overdose in New England (RISE-NE): Protocol for a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5017-5699","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katie B.","family":"Biello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University School of Public Health","place":["Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Epidemiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela R.","family":"Bazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego","place":["La Jolla, California, United States of America"],"department":["Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health"]},{"name":"Boston University School of Public Health","place":["Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Community Health Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7360-9464","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katherine","family":"Dunham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University School of Public Health","place":["Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Epidemiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline E.","family":"Goldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University School of Public Health","place":["Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Epidemiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9975-1610","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maxwell S.","family":"Krieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University School of Public Health","place":["Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Epidemiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University School of Public Health","place":["Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Epidemiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University School of Public Health","place":["Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Epidemiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deve","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University School of Public Health","place":["Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Epidemiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mavis","family":"Nimoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tapestry Health Systems","place":["Springfield, Massachusetts, United States of America"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chanelle J.","family":"Howe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University School of Public Health","place":["Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Epidemiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Curt G.","family":"Beckwith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University Health\/ Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University","place":["Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America"],"department":["Division of Infectious Diseases"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devika","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Vermont Medical Center","place":["Burlington, Vermont, United States of America"],"department":["Department of Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0134-7052","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Brandon D. 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