{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:53:29Z","timestamp":1791309209402,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["RS-2024-00460379"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00460379"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013aysd81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and ICT","award":["RS-2024-00509257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00509257"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01wpjm123","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and ICT","award":["IITP-2026-RS-2024-00438239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IITP-2026-RS-2024-00438239"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01wpjm123","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health & Welfare","award":["RS-2025-02220492"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-02220492"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Residential greenness is considered protective for mental health, but its impact on clinically diagnosed psychiatric disorders following COVID-19 remains unclear. This study investigated the association between residential greenness and risk of common mental disorders after COVID-19, and whether this relationship differed by population subgroup.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a nationwide cohort study of 3,097,179 adults aged \u226519 years with confirmed COVID-19 in South Korea between 2018 and 2023 using the K-COV-N cohort, which integrates administrative and clinical data from the National Health Insurance Service and COVID-19 data from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Residential greenness was assessed using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and categorized as low (0.2\u2013\u2009&lt;\u20090.4), moderate (0.4\u2013\u2009&lt;\u20090.6), or high (\u22650.6). The primary outcome was first diagnosis of anxiety disorder, depression, insomnia, or bipolar disorder \u226530 days post-infection. Weighted Cox proportional hazards models with inverse probability of treatment weighting were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to low NDVI, moderate NDVI was associated with reduced risk of any common mental disorder (aHR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96\u20130.98), with the strongest effect for bipolar disorder (0.84; 0.79\u20130.88). High NDVI showed no overall benefit (1.00; 0.99\u20131.01) and was associated with increased anxiety risk (1.04; 1.03\u20131.06), especially in older adults and those with comorbidities. Younger individuals experienced the greatest benefit from moderate greenness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Moderate residential greenness was linked to lower risk of mental disorders following COVID-19, while high greenness conferred limited benefit and potential risk. Greening strategies should be paired with strengthened health and social infrastructure to reduce disparities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0359016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:27:50Z","timestamp":1791307670000},"page":"e0359016","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exposure to residential greenness and subsequent risk of common mental disorders among individuals with COVID-19 in South Korea: A nationwide cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Dongjin","family":"Yeo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyung Hee University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, South Korea"],"department":["Department of Medicine"]},{"name":"Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine","place":["Seoul, South 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