{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:01:13Z","timestamp":1790359273893,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence on age at diagnosis of dementia and differentiation of dementia subtypes in Bangladesh is limited. This study aimed to determine age at diagnosis, examine factors associated with dementia subtypes, and evaluate the discriminatory utility of neuroimaging scales in a Bangladeshi clinical population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Community Awareness and Research on Early Dementia (CARED) study was a cross-sectional observational study conducted 2019\u22122024 at a tertiary care centre in Bangladesh. A total of 658 adults presenting with cognitive impairment, undergoing evaluation for suspected dementia were included. Diagnoses were established using DSM-5 criteria by a multidisciplinary team. Patients were categorized into dementia subtypes. Pseudodementia was retained as separate comparator group. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with dementia subtypes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to assess the discriminatory performance of neuroimaging scales.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 658 patients, Alzheimer\u2019s-related dementia (ARD) accounted for 51.7% of cases. The mean age at diagnosis was significantly higher in ARD compared with non-Alzheimer\u2019s-related dementia (nARD) (67.7\u2009\u00b1\u200910.8 vs 64.3\u2009\u00b1\u200911.4 years, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In multivariable analysis, nARD was associated with an earlier age at diagnosis by 4.3 years compared with ARD. Vascular dementia was associated with hypertension, OR 4.2 (95% CI 1.1\u201316.6), P\u2009=\u20090.04, and smoking, OR 13.1 (95% CI 1.6\u2013103.3), P\u2009=\u20090.01. Neuroimaging scales demonstrated variable discriminatory performance. Medial temporal atrophy showed good discrimination for ARD (AUROC 0.752), while Fazekas scores demonstrated good performance for vascular dementia (AUROC 0.838) and mixed dementia (AUROC 0.836). Global cortical atrophy showed moderate discriminatory ability for frontotemporal dementia (AUROC 0.659).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age at diagnosis varied across dementia subtypes in this Bangladeshi clinical cohort, with non-Alzheimer\u2019s diagnosed earlier than Alzheimer\u2019s. Structured MRI visual rating scales showed variable subtype-specific discriminatory performance, suggesting that they may provide adjunctive information for dementia subtype differentiation when interpreted alongside multidisciplinary clinical assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0359109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:36:39Z","timestamp":1790357799000},"page":"e0359109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Age at dementia diagnosis, subtype associations, and neuroimaging differentiation in Bangladesh: The CARED study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1927-5023","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Redoy","family":"Ranjan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University","place":["Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"department":["Department of Cardiac Surgery"]},{"name":"Royal Holloway University of London","place":["London, United Kingdom"],"department":["Department of Biological Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2490-640X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ghulam","family":"Kawnayn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Combined Military Hospital","place":["Chittagong, Bangladesh"],"department":["Department of Neurology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8551-7185","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Md. Abdullah","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital","place":["Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"department":["Department of Microbiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Nur","family":"Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital","place":["Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"department":["Department of Neurology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mim Tanzila","family":"Mamun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chottogram Army Medical College","place":["Chittagong, Bangladesh"],"department":["Department of Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alif","family":"Al Mamun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macquarie University","place":["Sydney, Australia"],"department":["Department of Neuroscience"]},{"name":"Southern Cross University","place":["Sydney, Australia"],"department":["Department of Education"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shadad","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital","place":["Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"department":["Department of Neurology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Sayeed","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital","place":["Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"department":["Department of Neurology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5593-4455","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nafiz","family":"Imtiaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North East London NHS Foundation Trust","place":["London, United Kingdom"],"department":["Department of Psychiatry"]},{"name":"Aqidah Healthcare","place":["Dhaka, 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