{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:54:09Z","timestamp":1791309249406,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Planetary Health Knowledge (PHK) refers to knowledge about global conditions and interrelations between the health of the planet, human health, and human civilization. In times of various humanitarian and environmental crises, knowledge about and awareness of these problems become increasingly important. This is reflected in the Sustainable Development Goals and various Global Citizenship Education programs that emphasize the importance of knowledge about global challenges as a key characteristic in promoting sustainability. Despite its relevance, a comprehensive, psychometrically evaluated measure of PHK is currently lacking. Based on the recently proposed PHK Taxonomy, we developed a comprehensive PHK item pool of approximately 500 knowledge items targeting knowledge about global issues in seven domains:\n                    <jats:italic>Health<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Nutrition<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Environment<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Safety<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Education<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Standard of Living<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Political &amp; Economic systems<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The item pool was evaluated in seven domain-specific psychometric studies using a balanced-incomplete-block-design, administered to a total of\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092204 participants. Items suitable for general population samples were selected based on psychometric characteristics. Construct validity was examined via associations with general knowledge (gc), global citizenship identification (GCI), sustainable behavior, educational attainment, subjective knowledge, information seeking frequency, and party affiliation. Across all domains, PHK showed moderate to strong associations with gc (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.539 \u2212\u2005.736) and educational attainment, and weaker associations with GCI (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.238 \u2212\u2005.416). Associations with sustainable behavior, subjective knowledge, and information seeking-frequency were small to negligible. The resulting domain-specific PHK item sets provide psychometrically evaluated PHK measures for assessing PHK in general population samples. Finally, we discuss implications for knowledge assessment and future applications in research and evaluation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0359156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:28:39Z","timestamp":1791307719000},"page":"e0359156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Measuring planetary health knowledge: Development and psychometric evaluation of a taxonomy-based test"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7850-168X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Franziska","family":"Rees","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ulm University","place":["Ulm, Germany"],"department":["Department of Individual Differences and Psychological Assessment"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Wilhelm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ulm University","place":["Ulm, Germany"],"department":["Department of Individual Differences and Psychological Assessment"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0359156.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-environ-111523-102238","article-title":"Characterizing the global polycrisis: a systematic review of recent literature","volume":"50","author":"JJ Rakowski","year":"2025","journal-title":"Annu Rev Environ Resour"},{"key":"pone.0359156.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980779","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.980779","article-title":"Planetary health literacy: A conceptual model","volume":"10","author":"C Jochem","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0359156.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1177\/1746197912440858","article-title":"Global citizens: Who are they?","volume":"7","author":"L Bourke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Education, Citizenship and Social"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0359156.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1080\/00207594.2012.701749","article-title":"A model of global citizenship: antecedents and outcomes","volume":"48","author":"S Reysen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0359156.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1564555","article-title":"What you need to know about the world: Toward a taxonomy of planetary health knowledge","volume":"13","author":"F Rees","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0359156.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2006.12.002","article-title":"Twenty years after Hines, Hungerford, and Tomera: a new meta-analysis of psycho-social determinants of pro-environmental behaviour","volume":"27","author":"S Bamberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Environ Psychol"},{"issue":"21","key":"pone.0359156.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6104","DOI":"10.3390\/su11216104","article-title":"Education for Sustainable Development: A Systemic Framework for Connecting the SDGs to Educational Outcomes","volume":"11","author":"V Kioupi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"pone.0359156.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.54675\/CEAG5439","volume-title":"Schools in action, global citizens for sustainable development: a guide for students","author":"UNESCO","year":"2016"},{"key":"pone.0359156.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1787\/b25efab8-en","author":"OECD","year":"2019","journal-title":"PISA 2018 assessment and analytical framework"},{"issue":"10007","key":"pone.0359156.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60901-1","article-title":"Safeguarding human health in the Anthropocene epoch: report of The Rockefeller Foundation-Lancet Commission on planetary health","volume":"386","author":"S Whitmee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0359156.ref011","unstructured":"United Nations. 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