{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:56:21Z","timestamp":1791222981153,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      accounts for a significant proportion of pathogens responsible for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Identifying\n                      <jats:italic>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      pneumonia (MPP) is challenging but essential for guiding early and appropriate antibiotic use.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed a predictive model using data from hospitalized CAP patients diagnosed with either MPP or bacterial pneumonia between January and December 2023. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to explore associations between clinical features (age, symptoms, laboratory findings) and the causative pathogens, and then a prediction model was developed based on the results. The model\u2019s clinical utility was assessed in an independent validation cohort comprising CAP patients who met the same inclusion\/exclusion criteria in our hospital from 01\/01\/2024\u201330\/06\/2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 244 patients were diagnosed with CAP, including 117 with MPP and 127 with bacterial pneumonia. Our analysis revealed that patients with MPP were younger (37.00 years vs. 61.00 years), had procalcitonin levels mostly within the normal range, exhibited higher serum albumin levels (40.68 g\/L vs. 36.34g\/L), and higher levels of complement C1q (209.30 mg\/L vs. 169.55 mg\/L) compared to patients with bacterial pneumonia. In contrast, thrombin time was relatively prolonged in patients with bacterial pneumonia (14.00 s vs. 13.10 s). Based on these findings, we developed a clinical prediction model with strong discriminatory performance for early differentiation between MPP and bacterial pneumonia with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.879 (95% CI, 0.833\u20130.925). Temporal validation demonstrated the model\u2019s stability and good predictive performance (AUC: 0.922 vs. derivation 0.879).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study showed that age, serum albumin, complement C1q level, thrombin time, and normal-range procalcitonin levels were highly predictive of MPP. This study provides a predictive model for early differentiation between MPP and bacterial pneumonia to aid in timely clinical decision-making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0359335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:30:21Z","timestamp":1791221421000},"page":"e0359335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Early diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia: Development and validation of a predictive model based on clinical examination indicators"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6961-6452","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yongwei","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"department":["Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingrun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"department":["Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"]},{"name":"The Respiratory Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University","place":["Haikou, Hainan, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoxi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"department":["Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaqin","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplantation Intensive Care Unit, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China"]},{"name":"Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"department":["Department of Critical Care Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiarui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"department":["Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"department":["Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1485-7756","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guqin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"department":["Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0359335.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2209.150680","article-title":"Trends in pneumonia mortality rates and hospitalizations by organism, United States, 2002-2011","volume":"22","author":"BA Wuerth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10303","key":"pone.0359335.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00630-9","article-title":"Community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"398","author":"S Aliberti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0359335.ref003","unstructured":"National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2021 Emergency Department Summary Tables. 2021."},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0359335.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2002.tb04437.x","article-title":"3: Community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"176","author":"PDR Johnson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0359335.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30310-4","article-title":"Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of lower respiratory infections in 195 countries, 1990-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"18","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Lancet. 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