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Over 80% of their body water is lost through the cuticle, but insects possess specialised cells that synthesize cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) to form a hydrophobic waxy barrier that reduces water loss. However, how rapidly CHCs are synthesized and transported across the cuticle under desiccating conditions remains poorly understood. To examine this, we exposed male\n                    <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/jats:italic>\n                    to varying desiccation durations (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 h) and compared CHC profiles for each of these time-points to an experimental control (no desiccation: 0 h). We found a rapid, time-dependent shift in CHC composition, marked by an early increase in short-chain hydrocarbons followed by enrichment of longer chain, methyl-branched CHCs over longer periods of desiccation exposure. Cumulative water loss increased most sharply within the first 2 h of desiccation and then progressed more slowly from 2 to 8 h before rising again at 10 h. These changes were closely mirrored by temporal shifts in CHC composition, suggesting that CHCs are dynamic and respond rapidly to desiccation stress.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0359617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T17:23:20Z","timestamp":1791912200000},"page":"e0359617","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Temporal shifts in insect cuticular hydrocarbons in response to experimental desiccation"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1520-5642","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abhishek","family":"Nair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University","place":["Navaranpura, Ahmedabad, India"],"department":["Division of Biological and Life 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