{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T17:40:33Z","timestamp":1792777233175,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017548","name":"National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Fund of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022XJKK0404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022XJKK0404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017548","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Aid Project of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","award":["2022E02142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022E02142"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop region sequence polymorphisms as molecular markers to investigate the genetic structure and maternal origin of six cattle breeds in the Ili River Valley region of Xinjiang, China. Blood samples were collected from six cattle breeds in the region, including Xinjiang Brown cattle (n\u2009=\u200930), Kazakh cattle (n\u2009=\u200933), Altay White-headed cattle (n\u2009=\u200933), Chinese Simmental cattle (n\u2009=\u200934), Chinese Holstein cattle (n\u2009=\u200931), and Angus cattle (n\u2009=\u200922), for DNA extraction. Complete mtDNA D-loop region sequences were obtained from 183 individuals. Sequence alignment, correction and SNP screening were implemented to characterize sequence variation and base composition. Genetic diversity parameters and pairwise genetic distances were estimated, and a neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree was constructed. The complete sequences of the mtDNA D-loop region in the six cattle breed populations were 910\u2013911 bp. The average contents of A, G, T, and C were 32.76%, 13.83%, 28.79%, and 24.62%, respectively, and the overall AT content was higher than GC content. A total of 147 SNPs were detected, accounting for 16.10% of the total sequence length. In total, 107 haplotypes were identified, of which 92 were classified as\n                    <jats:italic>Bos taurus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 15 as\n                    <jats:italic>Bos indicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The\n                    <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Hd<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Pi<\/jats:italic>\n                    values were 14.24, 0.99, and 0.02, respectively. The constructed NJ phylogenetic tree revealed two major maternal origins\u2014\n                    <jats:italic>Bos taurus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Bos indicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014among the six cattle breeds. The six cattle breeds in the Ili River Valley region exhibit rich genetic diversity and two maternal origins, predominantly influenced by\n                    <jats:italic>Bos taurus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These findings provide a theoretical basis for the conservation and rational use of cattle genetic resources in the region.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0359629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T17:22:17Z","timestamp":1792776137000},"page":"e0359629","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of genetic diversity and phylogenetic evolution of cattle population in the Ili River Valley region, Xinjiang, based on mtDNA D-loop sequence"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Guzalnur","family":"Amat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology","place":["Urumqi, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Feed Research, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science","place":["Urumqi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adiljan","family":"Kader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Agricultural University","place":["Urumqi, China"],"department":["College of Life Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenghong","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology","place":["Urumqi, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Feed Research, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science","place":["Urumqi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Tuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology","place":["Urumqi, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Feed Research, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science","place":["Urumqi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology","place":["Urumqi, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Feed Research, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science","place":["Urumqi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology","place":["Urumqi, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Feed Research, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science","place":["Urumqi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology","place":["Urumqi, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Feed Research, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science","place":["Urumqi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyi","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology","place":["Urumqi, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Feed Research, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science","place":["Urumqi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akida","family":"Tursun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology","place":["Urumqi, China"]},{"name":"Institute of Feed Research, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science","place":["Urumqi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3404-1121","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ablat","family":"Sulayman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Sciences, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences","place":["Urumqi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tongjun","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology","place":["Urumqi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0359629.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.3390\/d6040705","article-title":"On the history of cattle genetic resources","volume":"6","author":"M Felius","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diversity"},{"key":"pone.0359629.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348329","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2023.1348329","article-title":"Genome-wide survey reveals the genetic background of Xinjiang Brown cattle in China","volume":"14","author":"X Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0359629.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1038\/s41437-017-0024-3","article-title":"Genome-wide genotyping uncovers genetic profiles and history of the Russian cattle breeds","volume":"120","author":"A Yurchenko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0359629.ref004","first-page":"94","article-title":"Progress in molecular biology and omics studies of Xinjiang brown cattle","volume":"50","author":"X Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"China Cattle Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0359629.ref005","first-page":"1814","article-title":"Comparative analysis on meat performance and meat quality of Xinjiang brown cattle and Kazakh cattle","volume":"59","author":"W Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Xinjiang Agric Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0359629.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10091493","article-title":"Microsatellite diversity and phylogenetic relationships among East Eurasian Bos taurus breeds with an emphasis on rare and ancient local cattle","volume":"10","author":"G Svishcheva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"22","key":"pone.0359629.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3214","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12223214","article-title":"Revealing genetic diversity and population structure of endangered altay white-headed cattle population using 100 k SNP markers","volume":"12","author":"B Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0359629.ref008","first-page":"20","article-title":"Correlation and regression analysis on body weight and body size index of Simmental calf in Xinjiang area","volume":"39","author":"X Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Ecol Anim Domast"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0359629.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11071890","article-title":"Validation of the prediction accuracy for 13 traits in Chinese Simmental beef cattle using a preselected low-density SNP panel","volume":"11","author":"L Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0359629.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2024.101128","article-title":"The effect of first-lactation calving season, milk production, and morphology on the survival of Simmental cows","volume":"18","author":"G Buonaiuto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animal"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0359629.ref011","first-page":"73","article-title":"The introduction and utilization of Angus cattle in China","volume":"36","author":"F Quan","year":"2010","journal-title":"China Cattle Sci"},{"key":"pone.0359629.ref012","volume-title":"Livestock breeding science","author":"B Liu","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0359629.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-009-9669-1","article-title":"Single nucleotide polymorphisms, haplotypes and combined genotypes of lactoferrin gene and their associations with mastitis in Chinese Holstein cattle","volume":"37","author":"J Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0359629.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s10709-006-9129-y","article-title":"mtDNA diversity and genetic lineages of eighteen cattle breeds from Bos taurus and Bos indicus in China","volume":"131","author":"X Cai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genetica"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0359629.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2052.2006.01524.x","article-title":"Origin and phylogeographical structure of Chinese cattle","volume":"37","author":"CZ Lei","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anim Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0359629.ref016","first-page":"28","article-title":"Genetic polymorphism and phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA 8 among pigeon breeding resources","volume":"43","author":"S Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"China Poult"},{"issue":"16","key":"pone.0359629.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3907","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2012.05664.x","article-title":"The biogeography of mitochondrial and nuclear discordance in animals","volume":"21","author":"DPL Toews","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0359629.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04737-0","article-title":"Whole-genome resequencing reveals world-wide ancestry and adaptive introgression events of domesticated cattle in East Asia","volume":"9","author":"N Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0359629.ref019","first-page":"40","article-title":"Genetic diversity of Xiangdong chicken species based on mitochondrial DNA Cytb and D-loop region","volume":"44","author":"CS Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Spec Wild Econ Anim Plant Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0359629.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-8420","article-title":"Investigation of the diversity and origins of Chinese dairy goats via the mitochondrial DNA D-loop","volume":"93","author":"GZ Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0359629.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.3923\/ajas.2015.341.350","article-title":"Genetic variations and the origin of native Indonesian goat breeds based on mtDNA D-loop sequences","volume":"9","author":"S Pakpahan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian J Anim Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0359629.ref022","article-title":"Genetic diversity and phylogenetic evolution of Tibetan sheep based on mtDNA D-loop sequences","volume":"11","author":"J Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1494","key":"pone.0359629.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2002.1975","article-title":"Molecular analysis of wild and domestic sheep questions current nomenclature and provides evidence for domestication from two different subspecies","volume":"269","author":"S Hiendleder","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0359629.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2011.11483","article-title":"Genetic diversity of mtDNA D-loop and maternal origin of three Chinese native horse breeds","volume":"25","author":"T Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian-Australas J Anim Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0359629.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2052.2012.02389.x","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequence variation in maternal lineages of Iranian native horses","volume":"44","author":"M Moridi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anim Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0359629.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgeb.2017.06.004","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA genetic variations among four horse populations in Egypt","volume":"15","author":"OE Othman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Genet Eng Biotechnol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0359629.ref027","first-page":"578","article-title":"Analysis on genetic diversity and origin evolution analysis of Huaibei grey donkey base on mtDNA D-loop region sequence","volume":"49","author":"J Xia","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Anhui Agric Univ"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0359629.ref028","first-page":"601","article-title":"Genetic diversity and origin evolution analysis of Qingyang donkey based on mtDNA D-loop region sequence","volume":"51","author":"H Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"China Anim Husb Vet Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0359629.ref029","first-page":"1","article-title":"Genetic diversity of mitochondrial DNA D-loop region in Qinghai camel","volume":"33","author":"X Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"AAB-S"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0359629.ref030","first-page":"452","article-title":"Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Henan native pig breeds based on the sequence of mtDNA D-loop region","volume":"54","author":"X Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Henan Agric Univ"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0359629.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1134\/S102279542208004X","article-title":"Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Russian pig breeds based on the analysis of mtDNA D-loop polymorphism","volume":"58","author":"VR Kharzinova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Russ J Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0359629.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.2141\/jpsa.0130232","article-title":"Genetic diversity analysis of Egyptian native chickens using mtDNA D-loop region","volume":"51","author":"I Elkhaiat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0359629.ref033","first-page":"134","article-title":"Exploring maternal genetic diversity and population genetic structure of yak genetic resources in Golog Prefecture, Qinghai, China based on mtDNA D-loop sequence variations","volume":"29","author":"P Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J China Agric Univ"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0359629.ref034","first-page":"9","article-title":"Analysis on genetic diversity and phylogenetic evolution of mitochondrial DNA in Pamir yaks","volume":"44","author":"Q Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Ecol Anim Domast"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0359629.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.5846\/stxb201101230116","article-title":"Genetic diversity and evolution relationship on mtDNA D-loop in Tibetan yaks","volume":"32","author":"C Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Ecol Sin"},{"key":"pone.0359629.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144249","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2023.1144249","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis emancipates genomic diversity and signature of selection in Altay white-headed cattle of Xinjiang, China","volume":"14","author":"J Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"issue":"6832","key":"pone.0359629.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1038\/35074088","article-title":"Genetic evidence for Near-Eastern origins of European cattle","volume":"410","author":"CS Troy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0359629.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(82)90137-1","article-title":"Complete sequence of bovine mitochondrial DNA. Conserved features of the mammalian mitochondrial genome","volume":"156","author":"S Anderson","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"issue":"22","key":"pone.0359629.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4673","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.22.4673","article-title":"CLUSTAL W: Improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice","volume":"22","author":"JD Thompson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0359629.ref040","article-title":"Maternal genetic and phylogenetic characteristics of domesticated cattle in northwestern China","volume":"13","author":"Y Cai","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0359629.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst197","article-title":"MEGA6: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0","volume":"30","author":"K Tamura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0359629.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp187","article-title":"DnaSP v5: A software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data","volume":"25","author":"P Librado","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0359629.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026036","article-title":"Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies","volume":"16","author":"HJ Bandelt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0359629.ref044","first-page":"1166","article-title":"Analysis of genetic structure and molecular origin of seven Kazakh cattle populations in Xinjiang based on D-loop polymorphism","volume":"52","author":"P Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"China Anim Husb Vet Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0359629.ref045","first-page":"11","article-title":"Genetic diversity of mitochondrial DNA genome and meternal origins in Qinchuan cattle","volume":"50","author":"M Bai","year":"2024","journal-title":"China Cattle Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0359629.ref046","first-page":"13","article-title":"Genetic diversity and evolution analysis of Wannan cattle based on mtDNA D-loop region","volume":"40","author":"H Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Fuyang Norm Univ (Nat Sci)"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0359629.ref047","first-page":"6","article-title":"Genetic diversity mitochondrial DNA genome of Mongolian cattle","volume":"48","author":"J Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"China Cattle Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0359629.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012110","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/492\/1\/012110","article-title":"The mitochondrial DNA D-loop diversity of Bali cattle in breeding centers","volume":"492","author":"Hikmawaty","year":"2020","journal-title":"IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0359629.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11050494","article-title":"Genomic diversity, population structure, and signature of selection in five Chinese native sheep breeds adapted to extreme environments","volume":"11","author":"A Abied","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genes"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0359629.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-4172(06)60069-3","article-title":"The genetic diversity of mtDNA D-loop and the origin of Chinese goats","volume":"33","author":"R-Y Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Genet Sin"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0359629.ref051","first-page":"7","article-title":"Phylogenetic relationship and genetic diversity of Chinese four domestic donkeys using mtDNA D-loop","volume":"27","author":"W Sun","year":"2007","journal-title":"China Herbivore Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0359629.ref052","first-page":"17","article-title":"Comparison of genetic diversity between Xianan and other 13 cattle population based on mtDNA D-loop and microsatellite DNA","volume":"39","author":"Y Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Ecol Anim Domast"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0359629.ref053","first-page":"1","article-title":"Genetic diversity of mitochondrial DNA D-loop region in Ji\u2019an cattle","volume":"44","author":"T Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"China Cattle Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0359629.ref054","first-page":"2481","article-title":"Analyses of genetic diversity and phylogeny of mtDNA D-loop from yak in Karakoram-Pamir area","volume":"47","author":"J Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"China Anim Husb Vet Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0359629.ref055","first-page":"2601","article-title":"Genetic diversity analysis of Sus scrofa population in Guizhou based on mitochondrial Cytb gene","volume":"49","author":"C Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"China Anim Husb Vet Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0359629.ref056","first-page":"28","article-title":"Genetic diversity of mitochondrial DNA genome of Wenling Humped cattle","volume":"48","author":"S Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"China Cattle Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0359629.ref057","first-page":"011","article-title":"Comparative analysis of genetic variation between cultured and wild populations of Nibea albiflora based on mitochondrial DNA control region","volume":"51","author":"X Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Period Ocean Univ China"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0359629.ref058","first-page":"22","article-title":"Genetic diversity analysis of mitochondrial DNA cytb gene sequence of Odontobutis potamophila population in Huzhou","volume":"36","author":"Y Bian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin J Fish"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0359629.ref059","first-page":"887","article-title":"Study on mitochondrial DNA genetic polymorphism of cattle breeds in Sichuan province","volume":"36","author":"S Lai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Vet Zootech Sin"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0359629.ref060","first-page":"57","article-title":"Study on mitochondrial DNA genetic diversity of some cattle breeds in China","volume":"31","author":"C-Z Lei","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Genet Sin"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0359629.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5131","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.10.5131","article-title":"Mitochondrial diversity and the origins of African and European cattle","volume":"93","author":"DG Bradley","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0359629.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/150.3.1169","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA variation and evolution of Japanese black cattle (Bos taurus)","volume":"150","author":"H Mannen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0359629.ref063","first-page":"14","article-title":"Studies on sex chromosome polymorphism of four local cattle (Bos taurus) breeds in China","volume":"15","author":"H Chen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hereditas"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0359629.ref064","first-page":"279","article-title":"Genetic diversity of mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences in cattle breeds in Guizhou","volume":"28","author":"R-Y Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hereditas"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0359629.ref065","first-page":"22","article-title":"Genetic diversity of mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences in Zhangye beef cattle","volume":"43","author":"L Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"China Herbivore Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0359629.ref066","first-page":"1","article-title":"Maternal genetic diversity, population structure and phylogenetic analysis of Qaidam cattle based on mitochondrial whole genome variations","volume":"53","author":"X Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Northwest A&F Univ"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0359629.ref067","first-page":"35","article-title":"Study on genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of two local yellow cattle breeds in Xinjiang base on mtDNA Cytb gene sequence","author":"P Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heilongjiang Anim Sci Vet Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0359629.ref068","first-page":"33","article-title":"Origin and polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences in three Guangxi cattle breeds","volume":"48","author":"Y Cao","year":"2012","journal-title":"China Cattle Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0359629.ref069","first-page":"1","article-title":"Genetic diversity of mtDNA D-loop region in Lingnan cattle","volume":"43","author":"X Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"China Cattle Sci"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0359629","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T17:22:26Z","timestamp":1792776146000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0359629"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Tzen-Yuh","family":"Chiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cheng Kung University","place":["TAIWAN"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0359629","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]]}}}