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Drawing on a cross-sectional survey of 242 women employees across four industries, the study applies partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to estimate the associations between these five determinants and women\u2019s employee engagement. Organizational culture, leadership support, and work-life integration are each positively associated with women\u2019s employee engagement, whereas socio-cultural influences and career development opportunities show no direct association. Career development is associated with engagement only where perceived size-related HR infrastructure is high, while perceived industry gender-equity support does not condition the socio-cultural association. Engagement strategies therefore need to be tailored to the organizational setting rather than to the sector. The study extends the Job Demands-Resources model and Social Exchange Theory by specifying a gendered conversion mechanism: workplace resources are associated with engagement only where they are relationally enacted and infrastructurally credible. The findings are relevant to organizations and policymakers, underscoring the need for gender-sensitive leadership practices, flexible scheduling, and equitable access to promotion. The design is cross-sectional, and the sample is non-probabilistic, so the findings are associational rather than causal. The study informs the design of supportive and inclusive workplaces that sustain women\u2019s engagement in the Bangladeshi formal sector.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0359645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:25:11Z","timestamp":1790702711000},"page":"e0359645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Determinants of women\u2019s employee engagement in the Bangladeshi workforce"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Moumita","family":"Tanjila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Scholars","place":["Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"department":["Department of Business Administration"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umme","family":"Kulsum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Scholars","place":["Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"department":["Department of Business Administration"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shadia","family":"Sharmin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Scholars","place":["Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"department":["Department of Business Administration"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rezwan Ul Haque","family":"Aubhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Scholars","place":["Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"department":["Department of Business Administration"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5326-9735","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Md. 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