{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:57:17Z","timestamp":1791223037235,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    is cultured in industrial facilities to produce allergen extracts for allergy diagnosis and therapeutic treatment. In these facilities, mite growth and production should be monitored, and exhaustive quality control is mandatory to harvest mites, reach optimal expansion, and avoid potential microbial contamination. In this study, we explored genetic approaches to monitor the growth of five independent\n                    <jats:italic>D. pteronyssinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    cultures. Microbiological studies were performed to characterise the evolution of microbial communities during culture. Finally, we designed a qRT-PCR application to quantify mite populations in the cultures. Our microbiome studies revealed the presence of non-pathogenic bacteria and the absence of Gram-negative bacteria. Despite the variability in microbiome genera at the beginning of the five cultures, the microbiome composition tended to be more homogeneous among the culture batches as mite growth progressed. Specifically,\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp.,\n                    <jats:italic>Virgibacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp., and\n                    <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. appeared to be the most significant taxa involved in culture progression. In summary, we developed a specific method for quantifying and monitoring mite cultures, which could be used to establish an objective method for harvesting mites to manufacture standardised allergen extracts. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive description of the relationship between mites and their symbiotic microorganisms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0359777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:28:08Z","timestamp":1791221288000},"page":"e0359777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genetic and microbiomics approaches allow the monitoring of the growth of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus cultures and their environmental influences"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Calzada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LETI Pharma S.L.U","place":["Madrid, Spain"],"department":["R&D Unit, Allergy and Immunology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Mart\u00edn-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LETI Pharma S.L.U","place":["Madrid, Spain"],"department":["R&D Unit, Allergy and Immunology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4050-2577","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jer\u00f3nimo","family":"Carn\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LETI Pharma S.L.U","place":["Madrid, Spain"],"department":["R&D Unit, Allergy and Immunology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0359777.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2023.04.008","article-title":"House dust mite allergy: The importance of house dust mite allergens for diagnosis and immunotherapy","volume":"158","author":"H-J Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0359777.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6239","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-020-05613-1","article-title":"Clinical significance of dust mite allergens","volume":"47","author":"H Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"pone.0359777.ref003","volume-title":"Dust Mite Allergy","author":"P Aggarwal","year":"2024"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0359777.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.5114\/ada.2024.142390","article-title":"Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus proteins and their role in the diagnostics and management of house dust mite allergy: Exploring allergenic components","volume":"41","author":"M Choina","year":"2024","journal-title":"Postepy Dermatol Alergol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0359777.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-018-8693-0","article-title":"The role of dust mites in allergy","volume":"57","author":"JD 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Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0359777.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiz153","article-title":"Dynamics of the microbial community during growth of the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae in culture","volume":"95","author":"P Klimov","year":"2019","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Ecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0359777.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-020-00475-5","article-title":"Whole genomic sequencing and sex-dependent abundance estimation of Cardinium sp., a common and hyperabundant bacterial endosymbiont of the American house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae","volume":"80","author":"T Erban","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Appl Acarol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0359777.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-7917.12636","article-title":"Do the microorganisms from laboratory culture spent growth medium affect 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