{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:54:08Z","timestamp":1791309248911,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2023-149353OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2023-149353OB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dynamic baropodometric assessment is an established technique for evaluating functional foot biomechanics and gait alterations associated with cavus foot deformities. The primary objective of this study was to analyze spatiotemporal gait variables and stance phase progression in individuals with bilateral pes cavus compared to healthy control participants with normal foot posture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 82 participants were enrolled in this observational case-control study, comprising 41 individuals with bilateral pes cavus (case group) and 41 healthy individuals with normal bilateral foot posture (control group). Following the validated three-step protocol, participants walked barefoot across a calibrated baropodometric platform. Spatiotemporal parameters during the stance phase were recorded, including absolute duration (ms) and stance percentage (%) for the Initial Contact Phase (ICP), Flatfoot Phase (FFP), and Forefoot Contact Phase (FFCP), along with their corresponding transition frame indices. Group comparisons were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the right foot, participants with pes cavus exhibited a significantly longer ICP duration (109.29\u2009\u00b1\u200963.10 ms vs. 79.71\u2009\u00b1\u200935.35 ms, p\u2009=\u20090.034) and higher ICP stance percentage (14.46\u2009\u00b1\u20098.27% vs. 10.20\u2009\u00b1\u20094.55%, p\u2009=\u20090.024), accompanied by a markedly reduced FFP duration (347.95\u2009\u00b1\u2009127.31 ms vs. 417.20\u2009\u00b1\u200992.98 ms, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and lower FFP percentage (47.68\u2009\u00b1\u200914.05% vs. 56.02\u2009\u00b1\u200910.45%, p\u2009=\u20090.002). In the left foot, the case group demonstrated a reduced FFP duration (341.61\u2009\u00b1\u2009115.79 ms vs. 405.73\u2009\u00b1\u200972.40 ms, p\u2009=\u20090.002) and a significantly higher FFCP percentage (37.05\u2009\u00b1\u20098.28% vs. 32.71\u2009\u00b1\u20097.85%, p\u2009=\u20090.020), alongside lower FFCP frame transition indices p\u2009=\u20090.002.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals with bilateral pes cavus present significant alterations in dynamic stance phase progression, characterized by prolonged initial contact, restricted midfoot flatfoot support duration, and premature transition toward forefoot contact. These findings highlight altered dynamic gait mechanics in cavus feet and support the clinical utility of baropodometric gait analysis for functional assessment and orthotic planning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0359862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:32:42Z","timestamp":1791307962000},"page":"e0359862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dynamic gait phase alterations and spatiotemporal stance characteristics in bilateral pes cavus: A case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3006-8065","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Salvador","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade da Coru\u00f1a","place":["Ferrol, Spain"],"department":["Research, Health and Podiatry Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Industrial Campus of Ferrol"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Silva-Migueis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade da Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa","place":["Lisboa, Portugal"],"department":["CrossI&D Lisboa Research Center"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1568-7602","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Complutense de Madrid","place":["Madrid, Spain"],"department":["Faculy of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta Elena","family":"Losa-Iglesias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Rey Juan Carlos","place":["Madrid, Spain"],"department":["Faculty of Health Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Bayod-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","place":["Zaragoza, Spain"],"department":["Applied Mechanics and Bioengineering Group (AMB), Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A)"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8537-425X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Israel","family":"Casado-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Complutense de Madrid","place":["Madrid, Spain"],"department":["Faculy of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"G\u00f3mez-Salgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Huelva","place":["Huelva, Spain"],"department":["Department of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences"]},{"place":["Guayaquil, Ecuador"],"department":["Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9818-6290","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel","family":"L\u00f3pez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade da Coru\u00f1a","place":["Ferrol, Spain"],"department":["Research, Health and Podiatry Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Industrial Campus of Ferrol"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"13","key":"pone.0359862.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3679","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11133679","article-title":"Evaluation and Management of Cavus Foot in Adults: A Narrative Review","volume":"11","author":"B Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0359862.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2022.08.004","article-title":"Double and Triple Tarsal Fusions in the Complex Cavovarus Foot","volume":"27","author":"W Wenz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0359862.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.77B2.7706341","article-title":"The influence of footwear on the prevalence of flat foot. 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