{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:53:42Z","timestamp":1791309222364,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_ UU_12011\/5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_ UU_12011\/5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012041","name":"Versus Arthritis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22090"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Economic and Social Research Council and Medical Research Council","award":["ES\/L002663\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/L002663\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03n0ht308","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore determinants of early long-term economic inactivity (ELTEI) among older workers in England.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analysed data from the Health and Employment After Fifty (HEAF) study, which prospectively followed a population-based sample of individuals in England who were aged 50\u221264 years at recruitment in 2013\u221214. ELTEI was defined as being out of paid work continuously for 12 months or longer before state pension age. Risk factors for first onset of ELTEI were examined by discrete-time Cox regression, taking as time intervals the periods between successive annual questionnaires. Associations were summarised by hazard ratios (HRs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During follow-up of 3,450 participants for up to five years (a total of 11,561 12-month intervals), 682 (19.8%) entered ELTEI. In adjusted models, the strongest risk factors reflected financial security: low contribution to family income (HR 2.06, 95%CI 1.30, 3.25 men; 1.66 95%CI 1.25, 2.19 women), expectation of receiving a private\/employer pension (HR 2.14, 95%CI 1.27, 3.77 men), anticipated high retirement income (HR 2.27, 95%CI 1.50, 3.44 men; 1.39 95%CI 1.04, 1.85 women) and having no mortgage or rent commitment (HR 1.75, 95%CI 1.09, 2.83 men; 1.62 95%CI 1.02, 2.56 women). Job dissatisfaction (HR 1.83, 95%CI 1.24, 2.64 men; 1.40 95%CI 0.99, 1.99 women) was associated with increased risk, as was absence of high physical work demands, especially among women (HR 0.68, 95%CI 0.48, 0.97 women). The only significant health-related risk factor was report of slow walking speed (HR 3.17, 95%CI 1.84, 5.33 men; 1.77 95%CI 1.18, 2.69 women).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In contrast to high annual sickness absence, ELTEI is more common among individuals with higher education and less physically demanding jobs and seems to be driven largely by considerations of personal finance and affordability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0359865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:24:15Z","timestamp":1791307455000},"page":"e0359865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations of sociodemographic, health, and work-related factors with early long-term economic inactivity in older workers: Findings from the Health and Employment After Fifty study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7267-1837","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stefania","family":"D\u2019Angelo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southampton, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre","place":["Southampton, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Ntani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southampton, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre","place":["Southampton, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ira","family":"Madan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Health Service, Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust","place":["London, United Kingdom"]},{"name":"King\u2019s College London School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences","place":["London, England, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Coggon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southampton, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre","place":["Southampton, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0359865.ref001","author":"Department for Work and Pensions","year":"2011"},{"key":"pone.0359865.ref002","unstructured":"Pensions Act 2014. 2014."},{"key":"pone.0359865.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1787\/c4d4f66a-en","volume-title":"Working better with age","author":"OECD","year":"2019"},{"key":"pone.0359865.ref004","volume-title":"Working for a healthier tomorrow: Work and health in Britain","author":"C 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of five longitudinal surveys linked to healthcare records","volume":"20","author":"RJ Shaw","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0359865.ref016","volume-title":"Workless households and educational attainment statutory indicators 2023","author":"Department for Work and Pensions","year":"2023"},{"key":"pone.0359865.ref017","volume-title":"Employment in the UK: June 2025","author":"Office for National Statistics ONS","year":"2025"},{"key":"pone.0359865.ref018","author":"Office for National Statistics","year":"2022"},{"key":"pone.0359865.ref019","author":"C Carrillo-Tudela","year":"2023"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0359865.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-081509","article-title":"Slow walking speed and health-related exit from employment among older workers over 5 years of follow-up: Evidence from the Health and Employment After Fifty (HEAF) cohort study","volume":"14","author":"HE Syddall","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ 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