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This development is paralleled by an expanding ecosystem of R packages that provide access to paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic reconstructions, as well as advanced tools for spatial and temporal analysis and modeling. However, within this computational framework, direct programmatic access to comprehensive archaeological and anthropological data remains limited. We present roadDB, an R package that enables streamlined access to the ROCEEH Out of Africa Database (ROAD), a major repository of archaeological, paleoanthropological, paleoenvironmental, geographical and chronological data relevant to human evolution. roadDB bridges the gap between the existing R ecosystem and the ROAD\u00a0archaeological dataset that\u00a0covers most of the last 3 million years of human evolution across Africa and Eurasia and thereby represents the only openly available archaeological dataset with such an extensive temporal and geographic coverage. In short, roadDB offers the research community unrestricted, transparent access to a richly curated collection of site-level and assemblage-level information, opening new possibilities for large-scale quantitative research. The package strengthens the integration of archaeological and paleoenvironmental evidence in macroscale analyses and supports robust, transparent and interdisciplinary research on the spatio-temporal dynamics of human evolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0359952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T17:32:55Z","timestamp":1791394375000},"page":"e0359952","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["roadDB: An R package for exploring early human prehistory and environments with the ROCEEH Out of Africa Database"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9062-0876","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christian","family":"Sommer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Role of Culture in Early Expansions of Humans, Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities","place":["T\u00fcbingen, Germany"]},{"name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","place":["T\u00fcbingen, Germany"],"department":["Department of Geosciences, Institute of Geography"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesper Borre","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Role of Culture in Early Expansions of Humans, Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities","place":["T\u00fcbingen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zara","family":"Kanaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Role of Culture in Early Expansions of Humans, Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities","place":["T\u00fcbingen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timo P.","family":"Streicher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Role of Culture in Early Expansions of Humans, Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities","place":["T\u00fcbingen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew W.","family":"Kandel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Role of Culture in Early Expansions of Humans, Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities","place":["T\u00fcbingen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Conard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Role of Culture in Early Expansions of Humans, Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities","place":["T\u00fcbingen, Germany"]},{"name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","place":["T\u00fcbingen, Germany"],"department":["Department of Geosciences, Working Group Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Hochschild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Role of Culture in Early Expansions of Humans, Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities","place":["T\u00fcbingen, Germany"]},{"name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","place":["T\u00fcbingen, Germany"],"department":["Department of Geosciences, Institute of Geography"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0359952.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226631011.001.0001","volume-title":"The quality of the archaeological record","author":"C Perreault","year":"2019"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0359952.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1324000111","article-title":"Grand challenges for archaeology","volume":"111","author":"KW Kintigh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0359952.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0289513","article-title":"The ROCEEH Out of Africa Database (ROAD): A large-scale research database serves as an indispensable tool for human evolutionary studies","volume":"18","author":"AW Kandel","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0359952.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1007\/s10816-015-9272-9","article-title":"Computational reproducibility in archaeological research: Basic principles and a case study of their implementation","volume":"24","author":"B Marwick","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Archaeol Method Theory"},{"key":"pone.0359952.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marwick B, Barton CM, Bates L, Bollwerk E, Bocinsky RK, Carter AK, et al. 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