{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T17:56:03Z","timestamp":1791482163999,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapy remains a major obstacle in the treatment of EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study investigated whether repurposing mebendazole (MBZ), a microtubule-disrupting agent, could restore sensitivity to gefitinib in gefitinib-resistant HCC827 GR5 cells. Gefitinib monotherapy showed minimal cytotoxicity, reducing cell viability only marginally (92.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5%), whereas MBZ significantly decreased viability to 79.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6% at 0.1 \u00b5M and 29.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6% at 0.5 \u00b5M (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Combination treatment (gefitinib 1 \u00b5M\u2009+\u2009MBZ 0.1 \u00b5M) further reduced viability to 37.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6% (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Mechanistically, alkaline comet assay revealed significantly increased single-strand DNA damage in the combination group (tail intensity 22.33\u2009\u00b1\u20090.56%, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), while neutral comet assay confirmed elevated double-strand DNA breaks. MBZ also induced dose-dependent \u03b3-H2AX activation (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), supporting replication stress-associated DNA damage signaling.\n                    <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    , combination therapy significantly suppressed tumor growth, prolonging tumor doubling time from 6.2 days in controls to 25 days and increasing growth delay to 18.8 days (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), without substantial systemic toxicity. Collectively, these findings identify replication stress vulnerability as a therapeutically exploitable axis and support MBZ repurposing as an adjuvant strategy to overcome gefitinib resistance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0360164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T17:29:12Z","timestamp":1791480552000},"page":"e0360164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dual targeting of EGFR signaling and microtubule dynamics enhances replication-associated cellular stress and suppresses tumor growth in gefitinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Mohamed","family":"El-Tanani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RAK Medical and Health Sciences University","place":["Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates"],"department":["RAK College of 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