{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T17:55:43Z","timestamp":1791482143016,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Output power and transmission efficiency are key performance indicators for Wireless Power Transfer (WPT). Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) systems feature numerous resonant parameters that are interrelated, making it challenging to determine specific component values during system design. This paper investigates an S-P type IPT system and establishes an equivalent circuit model for the mutual inductance of the contactless transformers. The influence characteristics of coupling coefficient\n                    <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                    , resonant angular frequency\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c9<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and equivalent load resistance\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>e<\/jats:sub>\n                    on circuit output power and transmission efficiency are analyzed. By setting the efficiency-power product as the objective function and\n                    <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c9<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>e<\/jats:sub>\n                    as decision variables, this paper innovatively transforms the parameter design problem of the IPT system into a nonlinear parameter optimization problem. This approach not only enables the fitness function to better escape local optima. By adjusting the duty cycle of the Buck-Boost circuit, the equivalent load resistance is optimized to its optimal value. Optimize the parameters\n                    <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c9<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>e<\/jats:sub>\n                    to maximize the system\u2019s efficiency-power product output. Through parameter design, the IPT system attains a globally optimal design for both output power and transmission efficiency, resolving the challenge of determining parameters for resonant compensation structures.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0360165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T17:26:38Z","timestamp":1791480398000},"page":"e0360165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Parameter optimization of IPT systems based on genetic algorithms"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3621-9998","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jin","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shangluo University","place":["Shangluo, Shaanxi, China"],"department":["School of Economics and Management"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Langtao","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Air Force Engineering University","place":["Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, China"],"department":["Aviation Engineering School"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0360165.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5803","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2024.3398605","article-title":"Composite second-order sliding mode and backstepping control for power pulsation suppression in dynamic wireless charging","volume":"60","author":"M Behnamfar","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans on Ind Applicat"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0360165.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1109\/TTE.2017.2780627","article-title":"Wireless power transfer for vehicular applications: Overview and challenges","volume":"4","author":"D Patil","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Transp Electrific"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0360165.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6533","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2016.2574993","article-title":"Modern advances in wireless power transfer systems for roadway powered electric vehicles","volume":"63","author":"CC Mi","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ind Electron"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0360165.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2510","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2015.2426313","article-title":"Front-end monitoring of multiple loads in wireless power transfer systems without wireless communication systems","volume":"31","author":"J Yin","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Power Electron"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0360165.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2009.2031184","article-title":"Multiphase pickups for large lateral tolerance contactless power-transfer systems","volume":"57","author":"G Elliott","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ind Electron"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0360165.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1007\/s43236-020-00156-x","article-title":"Selection of high transfer stability and optimal power-efficiency tradeoff with respect to distance region for underground wireless power transfer systems","volume":"20","author":"Y Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Power Electron"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0360165.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6108","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2015.2424893","article-title":"Design considerations to reduce gap variation and misalignment effects for the inductive power transfer system","volume":"30","author":"C Zheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Power Electron"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0360165.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4832","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2015.2397882","article-title":"Improving the misalignment tolerance of wireless charging system by optimizing the compensate capacitor","volume":"62","author":"Q Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ind Electron"},{"key":"pone.0360165.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2016.07.003","article-title":"A review of wireless power transfer for electric vehicles: Prospects to enhance sustainable mobility","volume":"179","author":"Z Bi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl Energy"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0360165.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.C0910711","article-title":"Design considerations for electromagnetic couplers in contactless power transmission systems for deep-sea applications","volume":"11","author":"Z Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Zhejiang Univ - 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