{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:53:59Z","timestamp":1792173239680,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"French Embassy in Madagascar","award":["CORAMAD project and by the PRERISK-OI project"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CORAMAD project and by the PRERISK-OI project"]}]},{"name":"European Union and the R\u00e9gion R\u00e9union.","award":["Interreg programme in the Indian Ocean"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Interreg programme in the Indian Ocean"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Rabies remains a significant public health threat in Madagascar, with dog-mediated transmission causing approximately 1,000 human deaths annually. In Antananarivo, the capital city, control efforts are hindered by limited up to date knowledge on the dog population. This study aims to provide updated estimates of the owned dog population characteristics, identify determinants of ownership, and assess dog bite incidence and risk factors to guide effective vaccination and prevention strategies. Between 2023 and 2025, a longitudinal door\u2011to\u2011door household survey was conducted across 21\n                    <jats:italic>fokontany<\/jats:italic>\n                    (administrative units) in Antananarivo. Of 2,518 surveyed households, 30.5% reported dog ownership, with 1,273 dogs recorded, yielding an estimated dog\u2011to\u2011human ratio of 1:9. The owned dog population was predominantly male (63.6%), with a median age of three years. Survival analysis in the selected study site indicated a median lifespan of 4.4 years and an annual mortality hazard of 16%. Vaccination coverage was low: 64.2% of owned dogs had never been vaccinated, primarily due to owners\u2019 time constraints, lack of awareness about the need for dog rabies vaccination, and financial barriers. Ownership was positively associated with household location and size, household head\u2019s age, education and income. No significant difference in bite risk was observed between dog\u2011owning and non\u2011dog\u2011owning households, whereas households with children under 15 years experienced a significantly higher risk. Rabies elimination among the owned dog population in Antananarivo requires sustained, context\u2011adapted interventions that address high population turnover. Annual city\u2011wide dog vaccination campaigns combining door\u2011to\u2011door strategies with fixed\u2011point sites are suggested to increase the chances of reaching a larger share of the owned dog population. Public health efforts must also prioritize paediatric bite prevention and expand access to post\u2011exposure prophylaxis to contribute to the global goal of eliminating dog\u2011mediated human rabies by 2030.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0360417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:28:37Z","timestamp":1792171717000},"page":"e0360417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Owned dog population profile, dog ownership and bite risk determinants: Key steps to rabies control in Antananarivo, Madagascar"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0767-8411","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marie Hermelienne","family":"Volasoa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR ASTRE","place":["Antananarivo, Madagascar"],"department":["International Centre of Research in 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France"],"department":["International Centre of Research in Agriculture for Development (CIRAD)"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fenitra","family":"Raharijaona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR ASTRE","place":["Antananarivo, Madagascar"],"department":["International Centre of Research in Agriculture for Development (CIRAD)"]},{"name":"University of Antananarivo","place":["Antananarivo, Madagascar"],"department":["Department of Veterinary Medicine and Science Education (DESMV)"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6340-9610","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daouda","family":"Kassi\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR ASTRE","place":["Antananarivo, Madagascar"],"department":["International Centre of Research in Agriculture for Development (CIRAD)"]},{"name":"Institut Pasteur de Madagascar","place":["Antananarivo, Madagascar"],"department":["Epidemiology 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