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This study develops distributed accountability as a function-based framework for examining how public demands for sanction, explanation, and relational repair are organized across platform environments. The study analyzes 64,349 publicly visible top-level comments from Douyin, Bilibili, and Rednote, organized into three event-anchored source-content groups concerning the Nanjing Museum donated-artifact controversy. BERTopic identified 49 substantive topics covering 42,126 comments. A higher-order thematic framework was subsequently applied and validated by two researchers, producing six substantive groupings mapped onto punitive, knowledge-based, and ethical accountability functions. Under the primary coding specification, ethical accountability accounted for the largest share of classified comments, although this absolute ranking was sensitive to the treatment of the largest disputed topic. Across event-anchored groups, donation ethics was relatively more prominent in discussion attached to the initial response. Investigation-oriented and personalized-blame themes were relatively more prominent in later groups. Cross-platform differences were more stable. Douyin showed a relatively stronger punitive profile, and Bilibili showed a relatively stronger knowledge-based profile across alternative coding specifications. The overall platform\u2013function association remained small. These findings indicate that platform differences concern the relative organization of accountability discourse, not the presence or absence of particular accountability functions. The study extends research on platformized public judgment and institutional crisis governance by showing how functionally differentiated accountability demands coexist within a shared institutional crisis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0360658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:43:43Z","timestamp":1791567823000},"page":"e0360658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cross-platform public judgment in a cultural heritage crisis: A topic modeling study of the Nanjing Museum donated-artifact controversy"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0450-6075","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"City University of Macau","place":["Macau, China"],"department":["Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City University of Macau","place":["Macau, China"],"department":["Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinyue","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City University of Macau","place":["Macau, China"],"department":["Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0360658.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-5973.12130","article-title":"How social media is changing crisis communication strategies: Evidence from the updated literature","volume":"26","author":"Y Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Contingencies Crisis Manag"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0360658.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pubrev.2014.04.004","article-title":"Beyond image repair: Suggestions for crisis communication theory development","volume":"40","author":"BF Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Public Relat Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0360658.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pubrev.2024.102432","article-title":"How social media expedites the crisis spillover effect: A case study of Tesla\u2019s recall event","volume":"50","author":"J Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Public Relat Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0360658.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pubrev.2025.102542","article-title":"Black-owned business and passionate brand publics: A netnography of The Honey Pot Company PR crisis","volume":"51","author":"S Mishra","year":"2025","journal-title":"Public Relat Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0360658.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-4446.12283","article-title":"Heteronomy in the arts field: State funding and British arts organizations","volume":"69","author":"VD Alexander","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Sociol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0360658.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.2307\/258788","article-title":"Managing legitimacy: Strategic and institutional approaches","volume":"20","author":"MC Suchman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acad Manage Rev"},{"key":"pone.0360658.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1002\/csr.2689","article-title":"Measuring museum sustainability within the framework of institutional theory: A dictionary-based content analysis of French and British National Museums\u2019 annual reports","volume":"31","author":"M Cerquetti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Corp Soc Responsib Environ Manag"},{"key":"pone.0360658.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1177\/1056492615569885","article-title":"Evolving museum identities and paradoxical response strategies to identity challenges and ambiguities: Changing ethical understandings in the handling of human remains","volume":"24","author":"M Di Domenico","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Manag Inq"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0360658.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-5973.12215","article-title":"Will comments change your opinion? 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