{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:54:07Z","timestamp":1792173247662,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["File No. 5\/8\/5\/44\/ITRC\/ Implementation\/2021\/ECD-I."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["File No. 5\/8\/5\/44\/ITRC\/ Implementation\/2021\/ECD-I."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Tuberculosis is a major public health challenge in India, contributing to one-fourth of global burden of TB disease. Comorbidities in uninfected individuals make them vulnerable to TB disease. This study estimates the self-reported prevalence of tuberculosis and selected vulnerability factors (HIV, current smoking, silicosis, occupational silica-dust exposure, diabetes mellitus and persistent cough >2 weeks) among the rural demography of six districts in India, with the aim of informing targeted active case finding under the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n The study conducted was a community-based cross-sectional survey carried out across six districts of India. Two blocks from each district was selected randomly followed by randomly selected villages under each block. A universal sampling technique was followed for including all the households of the randomly selected villages. The data were collected through a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire schedule via face-to-face interviews at all the eligible households of the study sites. Descriptive analysis was performed, and the results were obtained in the form of frequencies and percentages.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The ultimate data consisted of 82,636 individuals, with males at 52% and females at 47%. 77% of the study population were 15 years of age or older. This study analyzes a large dataset. The TB prevalence was around 150 per lakh of the population, while the prevalence of HIV-reactive individuals, current smokers, silicosis, occupational exposure to silica dust, diabetes mellitus and cough of greater than two weeks is found in 0.9%, 5%, 1.2%, 1.1%, 1.4% and 4% respectively.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion and conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The study highlights TB status and selected TB-vulnerable groups. The study has a large sample size, and it follows multipronged approach to study selected vulnerable population groups. This data may improve targeted active case finding among the high-risk groups as outlined by NTEP and provide better TB control strategy outcome at high TB burden settings.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0360758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:29:07Z","timestamp":1792171747000},"page":"e0360758","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Self-reported prevalence of tuberculosis and selected associated vulnerability factors among rural populations in six districts of India: A community-based cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4294-5147","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"P K","family":"Anand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR \u2013 National Institute of Health Research","place":["Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manjula","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Purbita","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Public Health","place":["Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seema","family":"Sahay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR \u2013 National AIDS Research Institute","place":["Pune, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sampada","family":"Bangar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR \u2013 National AIDS Research Institute","place":["Pune, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Braj Raj","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6497-9869","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Manjeet Singh","family":"Chalga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anurag","family":"Pappu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR \u2013 Rajendra Memorial Research Institute on Medical Sciences","place":["Patna, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"VNR","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR \u2013 Rajendra Memorial Research Institute on Medical Sciences","place":["Patna, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarika","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King George Medical University","place":["Lucknow, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIIMS","place":["Bhopal, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhruvendra","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Government Medical College","place":["Ratlam, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0360758.ref001","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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