{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T17:41:33Z","timestamp":1792777293928,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission in 2022","award":["22SKGH062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22SKGH062"]}]},{"name":"the industry-university collaborative education project of the Ministry of Education of the People\u2019s Republic of China","award":["220602007262732"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["220602007262732"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01mv9t934","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Chongqing Higher Education Teaching Reform Research Project","award":["223132 & 222069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["223132 & 222069"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Professional identity is fundamental to nursing education and influences students\u2019 academic development, clinical practice, and career commitment. This study examined the associations of empathy and Big Five personality traits with professional identity among Chinese undergraduate nursing students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among undergraduate nursing students in Chongqing, China. Participants completed the Interpersonal Reactivity Index\u2013Chinese version (IRI-C), Ten-Item Personality Inventory\u2013Chinese version (TIPI-C), and Professional Identity Questionnaire for Medical Students (PIQMS). Data were analysed using Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 274 nursing undergraduates were included. Professional identity was positively correlated with overall empathy (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.196,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and personality traits (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.407,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In multivariable regression analyses, more positive perceptions of nurse\u2013patient relationships (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.231), perspective taking (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.219), conscientiousness (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.204), personal distress (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.154), extraversion (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.132), and neuroticism (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.131) were independently associated with higher professional identity. The model explained 28% of the variance in professional identity (adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00b2\u2009=\u20090.28).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Professional identity among nursing undergraduates was associated with empathy, personality traits, and perceptions of nurse\u2013patient relationships. These findings support the integration of empathy-focused training and personality-informed educational strategies into undergraduate nursing education to strengthen professional identity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0361110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T17:32:31Z","timestamp":1792776751000},"page":"e0361110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Shaping nursing identity: Empathy and personality in Chinese undergraduate education"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5920-2228","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Center, West China Hospital \/ West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghua","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"],"department":["Department of Nursing"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongchen","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Guizhou Medical University","place":["Guiyang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Chongqing Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"],"department":["Intensive Care Unit"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8863-5654","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiao","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Chongqing Medical University","place":["Chongqing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0361110.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2923.1997.00697.x","article-title":"Medical students\u2019 professional identity: Self-reflection during the preclinical years","volume":"31","author":"PM Niemi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Med Educ"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0361110.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1080\/10401334.2013.827968","article-title":"Professional Identity in Medical Students: Pedagogical Challenges to Medical Education","volume":"25","author":"I Wilson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Teaching and Learning in Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0361110.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1080\/0142159X.2018.1536260","article-title":"Supporting the development of a professional identity: General principles","volume":"41","author":"SR Cruess","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Teach"},{"key":"pone.0361110.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2016.08.010","article-title":"The impact of professional identity on role stress in nursing students: A cross-sectional study","volume":"63","author":"L Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0361110.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/nuf.12450","article-title":"Professional identity: A concept analysis","volume":"55","author":"A Fitzgerald","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nurs Forum"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0361110.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-019-1660-5","article-title":"Professional identity measures for student health professionals - 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