{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T18:37:20Z","timestamp":1792780640938,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INV-002979 (formally OPP1213871)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV-002979 (formally OPP1213871)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Banana breeding programs prioritize improving yield with resistance to biotic stresses while maintaining fruit quality. This study focused on identifying genotypes with resistance to five major biotic constraints including\n                    <jats:italic>Cosmopolites sordidus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Radopholus similis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , banana\n                    <jats:italic>Xanthomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                    wilt,\n                    <jats:italic>Fusarium oxysporum<\/jats:italic>\n                    f. sp.\n                    <jats:italic>cubense<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013 Race 1 and\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudocercospora fijiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . A diverse set of diploid and tetraploid genotypes was phenotyped under controlled screenhouse and field conditions to identify potential sources of. A partially replicated (P-rep) design, was used to accommodate unequal plant availability arising from asynchronous multiplication. P-rep design enabled robust phenotypic comparisons and identification of genotypes expressing resistance to multiple biotic stresses. Several diploid genotypes exhibited resistance to multiple constraints, highlighting their potential as parental lines for resistance introgression and broadening the genetic base for banana improvement. Leveraging on the efficiency and precision of the P-rep experimental design, these findings accelerate the phenotyping of genotypes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0361182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T17:38:18Z","timestamp":1792777098000},"page":"e0361182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficient phenotyping of banana (Musa spp.) germplasm for resistance to five biotic constraints using Partially replicated (P-rep) design"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Reagan","family":"Kanaabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)","place":["Namulonge-Sendusu, Uganda"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald","family":"Mwanje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)","place":["Namulonge-Sendusu, Uganda"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Serebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)","place":["Namulonge-Sendusu, Uganda"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Happyness","family":"Mpanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), c\/o Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST)","place":["Arusha, Tanzania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kennedy","family":"Jomanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), c\/o Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST)","place":["Arusha, Tanzania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7460-9001","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Brigitte","family":"Uwimana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)","place":["Namulonge-Sendusu, Uganda"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marnik","family":"Vuylsteke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gnomixx B.V.","place":["Merelbeke-Melle, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), c\/o Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST)","place":["Arusha, Tanzania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5258-9043","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rony","family":"Swennen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)","place":["Namulonge-Sendusu, Uganda"]},{"name":"Willem De Croylaan 42","place":["Heverlee, Belgium"],"department":["KU Leuven"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6139-1330","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gloria Valentine","family":"Nakato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)","place":["Namulonge-Sendusu, Uganda"]},{"name":"International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), c\/o Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST)","place":["Arusha, Tanzania"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0361182.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023330900707","article-title":"Biology and integrated pest management for the banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)","volume":"6","author":"CS Gold","year":"2001","journal-title":"Integr Pest Manag Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0361182.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7348.2004.tb00382.x","article-title":"The effects of banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus, damage on highland banana growth, yield and stand duration in Uganda","volume":"145","author":"CS Gold","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Appl Biol"},{"key":"pone.0361182.ref003","first-page":"199","article-title":"Yield losses caused by nematodes on different banana varieties and some management techniques appropriate for farmers in Africa.","volume-title":"Biological and integrated control of highland banana and plantain pests and diseases. 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