{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T17:40:29Z","timestamp":1792777229590,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32260063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260063"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007847","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32060428"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32060428"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004479","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20224BAB205020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20224BAB205020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004479","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Ji'an City Science and Technology Plan, Jiangxi Province","award":["20255-071622"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20255-071622"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"\n Leaf day respiratory rate (\n R<\/jats:italic>\n d<\/jats:sub>\n ), a pivotal component of plant carbon metabolism that directly modulates net photosynthetic carbon gain and plant fitness, has long been challenging to accurately quantify due to overlapping CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n fluxes with photosynthesis and photorespiration (\n R<\/jats:italic>\n p<\/jats:sub>\n ). This study aimed to disentangle\n R<\/jats:italic>\n d<\/jats:sub>\n from\n R<\/jats:italic>\n p<\/jats:sub>\n in C\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n crops using a high-CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n \/low-O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n (>1200 \u03bcmol mol\n \u20131<\/jats:sup>\n CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009+\u20092% O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n )\n A<\/jats:italic>\n n<\/jats:sub>\n \/C<\/jats:italic>\n a<\/jats:sub>\n (net photosynthetic rate-ambient CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n concentration) model. We integrated two datasets:\n A<\/jats:italic>\n n<\/jats:sub>\n \/C<\/jats:italic>\n a<\/jats:sub>\n curve data of four C\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n species (\n Trifolium pratense<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Silphium perfoliatum<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Lolium perenne<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Triticum aestivum<\/jats:italic>\n ) under ambient O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n (21% O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ) from Ye et al. (2025) and newly collected data under low O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n (2% O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ) for the same species. A dedicated model (Eqn 1) was developed to extract key parameters [e.g., the maximum net photosynthetic rate (\n A<\/jats:italic>\n nmax<\/jats:sub>\n ), CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n compensation point (\n \u0393<\/jats:italic>\n ) in the presence of\n R<\/jats:italic>\n d<\/jats:sub>\n , photorespiratory rate at\n C<\/jats:italic>\n a<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u20090 \u03bcmol mol\n \u20131<\/jats:sup>\n (\n R<\/jats:italic>\n C0<\/jats:sub>\n )] from\n A<\/jats:italic>\n n<\/jats:sub>\n \/C<\/jats:italic>\n a<\/jats:sub>\n curves, with ANOVA confirming no significant differences between calculated and observed parameter values (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009>\u20090.05). Under 2% O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n R<\/jats:italic>\n p<\/jats:sub>\n was strongly suppressed, making the gross photorespiratory rate (\n R<\/jats:italic>\n C<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u2009\n R<\/jats:italic>\n p<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009+\u2009\n R<\/jats:italic>\n d<\/jats:sub>\n ) a reliable proxy for approximate\n R<\/jats:italic>\n d<\/jats:sub>\n . Results showed that\n R<\/jats:italic>\n d<\/jats:sub>\n estimates from the high-CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n \/low-O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n approach (0.74\u20131.12 \u03bcmol m\n \u20132<\/jats:sup>\n s\n \u20131<\/jats:sup>\n ) were consistent with literature ranges (0.74\u20132.89 \u03bcmol m\n \u20132<\/jats:sup>\n s\n \u20131<\/jats:sup>\n ) for four C\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n crops. Interspecific differences in\n R<\/jats:italic>\n d<\/jats:sub>\n were observed:\n L. perenne<\/jats:italic>\n had the highest\n R<\/jats:italic>\n d<\/jats:sub>\n , while\n T. aestivum<\/jats:italic>\n had the lowest, which correlated with species-specific photosynthetic traits (e.g., carboxylation efficiency).\n R<\/jats:italic>\n d<\/jats:sub>\n remained stable across O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n levels (21%\n vs<\/jats:italic>\n . 2%), indicating independence from short-term photorespiratory flux changes. The\n R<\/jats:italic>\n C<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009\u2248\u2009\n R<\/jats:italic>\n d<\/jats:sub>\n assumption is supported by the substantial decrease in\n \u0393<\/jats:italic>\n (50\u201367%) and\n R<\/jats:italic>\n CO<\/jats:sub>\n (40\u201355%) under 2% O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , and by the consistency of\n R<\/jats:italic>\n d<\/jats:sub>\n estimates with literature ranges, although independent ground-truth measurements remain to be conducted. This study suggests the high-CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n \/low-O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n A<\/jats:italic>\n n<\/jats:sub>\n \/C<\/jats:italic>\n a<\/jats:sub>\n model as a new tool for\n R<\/jats:italic>\n d<\/jats:sub>\n quantification in C\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n crops. The findings enhance understanding of non-photosynthetic carbon flux dynamics and provide critical parameters for refining crop carbon cycling models to predict growth and yield under current and future atmospheric conditions.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0361238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T17:22:01Z","timestamp":1792776121000},"page":"e0361238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Disentangling leaf day respiration from photorespiration in C3 leaves: A single-curve An\/Ca approach validated under photorespiration-suppressed conditions"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Zipiao","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Photosynthesis Research Institute, Nanchang Institute of Technology","place":["Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China"]},{"name":"New Quality Productivity Research Center, Guangdong ATV College of Performing Arts","place":["Deqing, P. R. China"]},{"name":"Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nantong University","place":["Nantong, China"],"department":["School of Life Sciences"]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Quality Productivity Research Center, Guangdong ATV College of Performing Arts","place":["Deqing, P. R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengwen","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China"]},{"name":"Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Wenzhou, China"],"department":["Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding in South Zhejiang"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China"]},{"name":"Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Wenzhou, China"],"department":["Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding in South Zhejiang"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunju","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China"]},{"name":"Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Wenzhou, China"],"department":["Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding in South Zhejiang"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8596-7664","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fubiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biophysics, Math & Physics College, Jinggangshan University","place":["Ji\u2019an, P. R. of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huajing","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China"]},{"name":"Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences","place":["Wenzhou, China"],"department":["Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding in South Zhejiang"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0361238.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2010.03505.x","article-title":"From sunlight to phytomass: On the potential efficiency of converting solar radiation to phyto-energy","volume":"188","author":"JS Amthor","year":"2010","journal-title":"New Phytol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0361238.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3489","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/err038","article-title":"Evaluating a new method to estimate the rate of leaf respiration in the light by analysis of combined gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements","volume":"62","author":"X Yin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Exp 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